{"id":12557,"date":"2023-04-10T11:28:04","date_gmt":"2023-04-10T10:28:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?p=12557"},"modified":"2024-04-09T02:32:27","modified_gmt":"2024-04-09T01:32:27","slug":"zhvillimet-teknologjike-energjia-dhe-it-industria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?p=12557","title":{"rendered":"Zhvillimet teknologjike – Energjia dhe IT-industria"},"content":{"rendered":"

(sguraziu – ap, pr 2023)<\/em><\/p>\n

(…p\u00ebrdorimi vjetor i energjis\u00eb elektrike nga Youtube mund ta furnizoj\u00eb nj\u00eb familje amerikane p\u00ebr rreth 2 miliard\u00eb vjet, ose mund t’i furnizoj\u00eb 127 milion\u00eb familje amerikane (pothuaj gjith\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn) p\u00ebr rreth 8 vjet, Youtube i p\u00ebrdor rreth 243.6 TWh… video-kanalet e vet\u00ebm 4 k\u00ebng\u00ebtar\u00ebve, Justin Bieber, Katy Perry, Ed Sheeran, Taylor Swift, n\u00eb v. 2019 i kishin 68 miliard\u00eb shikime, konsumi i energjis\u00eb elektrike nga kanalet e tyre ishte 9180 GWh – me k\u00ebt\u00eb energji mund t\u00eb furnizoheshin 850.000 sht\u00ebpi amerikane p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vit t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb<\/strong>… )<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

***
\nP\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht 4.1 miliard\u00eb njer\u00ebz, ose 53.6% e popullsis\u00eb globale, e p\u00ebrdorin Internetin. Sipas BBC, “ndotja mjedisore” e aparateve tona, e Internetit n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi dhe e sistemeve q\u00eb e ndihmojn\u00eb at\u00eb, p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb rreth 3.7% t\u00eb emetimit global t\u00eb CO2. Ndotje kjo e ngjashme me sasin\u00eb e emetimeve nga avio-industria globalisht (dmth. duhet t’i imagjinojm\u00eb gjith\u00eb avion\u00ebt e bot\u00ebs, me Airbusa t\u00eb udh\u00ebtar\u00ebve e me Herkulesa t\u00eb ushtris\u00eb). Deri n\u00eb v. 2040, sasia e CO2 nga IT-industria parashikohet t\u00eb arrij\u00eb 14% t\u00eb emetimeve globale. Anise nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht OKB-ja e paska vendosur objektivin e reduktimit t\u00eb emetimeve t\u00eb IT-s\u00eb, deri n\u00eb 45% gjat\u00eb dekad\u00ebs s\u00eb ardhshme.<\/p>\n

Vet\u00eb s’kam ditur, por transmetimi i audios shpenzuaka m\u00eb pak energji, qenka m\u00eb pak “karbon-intensive” sesa transmetimi i imazheve. Sikur u g\u00ebzova pak\u00ebz, dmth. s’qenkam aq i “keq” me ndotjen ambientale – sipas meje m\u00eb shum\u00eb d\u00ebgjoj muzika sesa shoh foto. Shoh dhe filma aty-k\u00ebtu, por s’jam ndonj\u00eb filmofil, n\u00eb fakt ndoshta m\u00eb shum\u00eb dokumentar\u00eb (anise, e qart\u00eb, filma jan\u00eb).<\/p>\n

Sa p\u00ebr video-loj\u00ebrat, duhet ta imagjinojm\u00eb “ndotjen mjedisore”, qekur s’e kemi idene – por s’ka si mohohet, thuase gjith\u00eb rinia e bot\u00ebs jan\u00eb “vart\u00ebsuar”, s’munden pa to. Nj\u00eb studim (Universiteti i Kalifornis\u00eb) paska zbuluar se amerikan\u00ebt shpenzojn\u00eb 2.4% t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike vjetore (32 TWh) \u2013 m\u00eb shum\u00eb se \u00e7’shpenzojn\u00eb frigorifer\u00ebt ose lavatri\u00e7et e tyre t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb. P\u00ebrdorimi i energjis\u00eb p\u00ebr video-loj\u00ebrat n\u00eb ShBA prodhuaka 24 Mt CO2 n\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n

Sipas Google, nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb m\u00eb her\u00ebt, \u00e7do k\u00ebrkim n\u00eb Internet shkaktonte nj\u00eb “gjurm\u00eb ndotjeje” prej 0.2 gr CO2e. Po ashtu Google thoshte se n\u00ebse dikush i b\u00ebn 25 k\u00ebrkime n\u00eb dit\u00eb, n\u00ebse i shikon 60 minuta video n\u00eb Youtube, n\u00ebse ka nj\u00eb llogari Gmail dhe n\u00ebse ka qasje n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb nga sh\u00ebrbimet tjera t\u00eb tyre – ky p\u00ebrdorues “shkakton” m\u00eb pak se 8 gr CO2 n\u00eb dit\u00eb. SMS-mesazhet qenkan fajtore p\u00ebr vet\u00ebm 0,014 gr CO2e, nj\u00eb cic\u00ebrim\u00eb e Twitter qenka fajtore 0.2 gr CO2e.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa, duke u bazuar n\u00eb raportin e Facebook, BBC thoshte se “karbon-gjurma” vjetore e nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesi t\u00eb Fb na qenka 299 gr CO2e. Por n\u00ebse e kujtojm\u00eb se Fb-platforma i ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1 miliard p\u00ebrdorues, at\u00ebher\u00eb kjo s’\u00ebsht\u00eb dhe aq pak si “ndotje” – thoshte artikulli i BBC. Sipas pretendimit t\u00eb Fb, i bie se arg\u00ebtimi digjital n\u00eb mediat sociale na qenka forma m\u00eb e past\u00ebr, m\u00eb s\u00eb paku karbon-intensive. Megjithat\u00eb, sipas meje ngelet i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb besimi i raporteve t\u00eb tyre, e gjith\u00eb bota i njeh tashm\u00eb, Fb \u00ebsht\u00eb platform\u00eb kryek\u00ebput manipulative – s’besoj se u beson kush : )<\/p>\n

Meq\u00eb n\u00eb ShBA kompanive t\u00eb “silikonit” u lejohet t\u00eb jen\u00eb ngapak manipulative, s’\u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7 ilegale. Me kusht q\u00eb t’i ndihmosh agjencit\u00eb e siguris\u00eb komb\u00ebtare (NSA, CIA e k\u00ebso), dhe me kusht q\u00eb t’jesh nj\u00eb lloj “dhelpre dinake sa t’mos te kapin p\u00ebr bishti”. Vetem BE-ja e di sakte \u00e7’pati hequr me ta, t\u00eb zez\u00ebn e m\u00eb t\u00eb zez\u00ebs, dhe akoma jan\u00eb duke hequr…<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse thuhet se fotot jan\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr karbon-intensive sesa audiot, n\u00ebse videot jan\u00eb “shum\u00eb foto si slajd s\u00eb bashku”, dhe n\u00ebse dihet se Fb i proceson me miliarda imazhe e video (imagjinoji 1 miliard miq, sa e sa mikesha mund t’i ken\u00eb, ndoshta secila prej mikeshave i b\u00ebn nga 10-ra “selfie” \u00e7do dit\u00eb), at\u00ebher\u00eb si na qenka Fb i “past\u00ebr”!
\nPadyshim p\u00ebr raportin e tyre do i ken\u00eb “studiuar” vet\u00ebm ato mesazhet me germa t\u00eb \u00e7atit, pandehin na qenkan “tweets” – por selfiet e videot nuk jan\u00eb “tweets”, zor se u shitet : )<\/p>\n

S’e “mohon” as Youtube, nj\u00eb video s’\u00ebsht\u00eb “tweet”, \u00ebsht\u00eb mos pyet n\u00eb fakt. Me mbi 1 miliard or\u00eb video-shikime \u00e7do dit\u00eb, YouTube \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00ebri nga ata ndot\u00ebsit e m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb planetit. BBC po ashtu thoshte se nj\u00eb studim (para disa viteve) pati vler\u00ebsuar q\u00eb 5 or\u00eb video-konference do “shkaktonin” 4 kg deri 215 kg CO2e.<\/p>\n

Youtube si “monster-kullufit\u00ebs” i elektrikave<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bazuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull (v. 2019) nga “Fact Source”, konsumi global i energjis\u00eb elektrike \u00ebsht\u00eb 21.372 TWh. Internetit i takon 10% e energjis\u00eb elektrike globalisht. Mbi 1% e k\u00ebsaj elektro-energjie p\u00ebrdoret vet\u00ebm nga Youtube, rreth 243.6 TWh. N\u00eb ShBA konsumi mesatar gjat\u00eb vitit i nj\u00eb familje qenka 10.766 kWh. P\u00ebrdorimi vjetor i Youtube mund ta furnizoj\u00eb nj\u00eb familje amerikane me elektrikat p\u00ebr rreth 2 miliard\u00eb vjet. Ose 127 milion\u00eb familje amerikane (gjith\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn), p\u00ebr rreth 8 vjet.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa qendrat e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave (data centres) i shpenzuakan rreth 2% (rreth 200 TWh) t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike globale.
\nGjat\u00eb vitit n\u00eb Youtube gjenerohen rreth 1.8 trilion video-shikime – thoshte faqja e “Fact Source”. I bie se nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues mesatar i sheh 407 or\u00eb video n\u00eb vit. Ky num\u00ebr 1.8 trilion or\u00eb “p\u00ebrkthehet” n\u00eb 135 kWh p\u00ebr 1000 shikime. Sa i p\u00ebrket trafikut internetik Youtube si sh\u00ebrbim \u00ebsht\u00eb i 3-ti n\u00eb bot\u00eb (pas Netflix, dhe pas videove t\u00eb “ngjitura” – embeded). Rreth 11.4% e trafikut global internetik kullufitet nga Youtube.<\/p>\n

Shikimi i videove n\u00eb Internet i shkakton 300 Mt CO2 n\u00eb vit, e q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht 1% e ndotjes globale. Artikulli i BBC thoshte se pornografia p\u00ebrb\u00ebn 1\/3 e trafikut t\u00eb videove, duke gjeneruar CO2 sa e gjith\u00eb Belgjika brenda vitit. Sh\u00ebrbimi “video sipas k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs” (on demand) nga Amazon Prime dhe Netflix p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb 1\/3 tjet\u00ebr, nd\u00ebrsa 1\/3 e fundit p\u00ebrfshin shikimin e videove t\u00eb Youtube dhe t\u00eb videove n\u00eb mediat sociale. BBC thoshte, Netflix paska raportuar se shpenzimi total i energjis\u00eb nga ta ka arritur tashm\u00eb n\u00eb 451.000 MWh n\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n

Tutje “Fact Source” thoshte se video-kanalet e vet\u00ebm 4 k\u00ebng\u00ebtar\u00ebve, Justin Bieber, Katy Perry, Ed Sheeran, Taylor Swift, n\u00eb v. 2019 i kishin 68 miliard\u00eb shikime, konsumi i energjis\u00eb elektrike nga kanalet e tyre ishte 9180 GWh – me k\u00ebt\u00eb energji mund t\u00eb furnizoheshin 850.000 sht\u00ebpi amerikane p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vit t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb. Ose vet\u00ebm 3 k\u00ebng\u00eb (si video), “Despacito”, “Gangnam Style”, “Sugar” (nga Maroon 5) i kishin 12.9 miliard\u00eb shikime, 741 GWh energji elektrike e shpenzuar – mund t\u00eb furnizoheshin 161.250 sht\u00ebpi amerikane p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa BBC (rreth faktit pakashum\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebsojsh\u00ebm) shkruante se Rabih Bashroush (Universiteti i Londr\u00ebs) kishte llogaritur se 5 miliard\u00eb shikime vet\u00ebm t\u00eb 1 video-muzike (k\u00ebnga Despacito) paska shpenzuar aq energji elektrike sa \u00e7’shpenzojn\u00eb Somalia, \u00c7adi, Guinea-Bisao, Sierra Leone dhe R. e Afrik\u00ebs Qendrore (5 shtete s\u00eb bashku) gjat\u00eb vitit. Ndotja mjedisore me “v\u00ebrtitjen” 5 miliard\u00eb her\u00eb t\u00eb asaj k\u00ebnge mund t’ket\u00eb qen\u00eb mbi 250.000 t CO2e – paska th\u00ebn\u00eb ai.<\/p>\n

Ndotja mjedisore nga YouTube<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00eb v. 2019, n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb “The Shift Project” francez\u00ebt e publikuan nj\u00eb raport lidhur me rolin e videove internetike n\u00eb ndotjen e mjedisit. Mir\u00ebpo pat\u00ebn gabuar di\u00e7, shifrat s’pat\u00ebn qen\u00eb aq korrekte (m\u00eb von\u00eb e pat\u00ebn korrigjuar raportin). Bazuar n\u00eb llogaritjet e tyre, 30 minuta video-transmetim gjeneron rreth 1.6 kg CO2e, ndotje ekuivalente me ngasjen e makines rreth 6.4 km. M\u00eb von\u00eb u kuptua se di\u00e7 ishin “ngat\u00ebrruar” me shifrat, sidoqoft\u00eb, raporti i tyre pati b\u00ebr\u00eb buj\u00eb mediatike.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb v. 2020, George Kamiya (IEA – Agjencia Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e Energjis\u00eb) pati shkruar se me transmetimin e nj\u00eb shfaqje 30-minut\u00ebshe n\u00eb Netflix n\u00eb v. 2019 \u00ebsht\u00eb gjeneruar rreth 18 gr CO2e. Sipas tij, rreth 90 her\u00eb m\u00eb pak se shifra origjinale prej 1.6 kg nga raporti i francez\u00ebve, dhe 11 her\u00eb m\u00eb pak se shifra e tyre “e korrigjuar” prej 0.2 kg CO2e. “me transmetimin e videove, ndikimi i tyre klimatik ngelet relativisht modest” – pati th\u00ebn\u00eb ai.<\/p>\n

“Efikasiteti energjetik i teknologjive digjitale \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar mjaft shpejt\u00eb. Por a mundet efikasiteti ta ndjek ritmin e rritjes eksponenciale t\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs? Abonimet n\u00eb Netflix u rrit\u00ebn 20%, vitin e kaluar u b\u00ebn\u00eb 167 milion\u00eb abonues, nd\u00ebrsa konsumi i energjis\u00eb elektrike u rrit p\u00ebr 84%. Rritja e video-trafikut n\u00eb rrjetet celulare \u00ebsht\u00eb 55% n\u00eb vit”.<\/p>\n

Sipas tij nuk duhet ekzagjeruar, “video-transmetimi \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivitet me CO2-emetim mjaft modest, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00ebse ta krahasonim me shkuarjen n\u00eb kinema me makin\u00eb”. G. Kamiya thot\u00eb se ne si konsumator\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndihmojm\u00eb n\u00eb reduktimin e ndotjes mjedisore. Duke lexuar raportin e tij zbulova se kishte aty nj\u00eb veg\u00ebl, lexuesi mund ta llogariste fajin e TV-s\u00eb s\u00eb vet, p\u00ebr CO2. Thuhej aty, n\u00ebse un\u00eb p\u00ebrdor TV 50″ LED, UHD\/4K, WiFi t\u00eb lart\u00eb, p\u00ebr 3 or\u00eb transmetim n\u00eb Holand\u00eb, TV-ja ime i shkaktuaka 192.32 gr CO2e (faji u takuaka 3 ndot\u00ebsve – data centre, ku ruhen filmat a videot, paska faj p\u00ebr 17.46 gr CO2e, transmetimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave qenka fajtor p\u00ebr 23.66 gr CO2e, nd\u00ebrkaq TV-aparati fajtor p\u00ebr 151.20 gr CO2e).<\/p>\n

Referencat:<\/span>
\n– Sarah Griffiths – “Smart Guide to Climate Change – Why your internet habits are not as clean as you think”, BBC, 2020<\/span>
\n– George Kamiya (IEA) – The carbon footprint of streaming video: fact-checking the headlines, 2020<\/span>
\n– Ethereum’s energy expenditure (Ethereum’s official page), 2023<\/span>
\n– Fact Source – How much electricity does Youtube use?, 2019<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(sguraziu – ap, pr 2023) (…p\u00ebrdorimi vjetor i energjis\u00eb elektrike nga Youtube mund ta furnizoj\u00eb nj\u00eb familje amerikane p\u00ebr rreth 2 miliard\u00eb vjet, ose mund t’i furnizoj\u00eb 127 milion\u00eb familje amerikane (pothuaj gjith\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn) p\u00ebr rreth 8 vjet, Youtube i… Lexo →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-komente"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12557","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12557"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12557\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12557"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12557"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}