{"id":12806,"date":"2023-04-27T14:40:32","date_gmt":"2023-04-27T13:40:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?p=12806"},"modified":"2024-04-09T02:27:55","modified_gmt":"2024-04-09T01:27:55","slug":"trepca-e-fjetur-kapaciteti-i-pashfrytezuar-dhe-veshtiresite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?p=12806","title":{"rendered":"Trep\u00e7a e “Fjetur” – Kapaciteti i Pashfryt\u00ebzuar dhe V\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"

S. Guraziu – Ars Poetica, Prill 2023 (pak p\u00ebrsiatje, dhe retro-histori…)<\/em><\/p>\n

(…Trep\u00e7a p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte 70% t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pasuris\u00eb minerare t\u00eb ish-YU, ishte nr. 1 n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, e 5-ta n\u00eb bot\u00eb p\u00ebr shkrirjen e plumbit n\u00eb v. 1985, dhe nj\u00eb nga m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhat\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpunimin e zinkut. Mir\u00ebpo gjithashtu, nj\u00eb Trep\u00e7\u00eb e vetme (si kompleks industrial) p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte at\u00ebbot\u00eb rreth 70% t\u00eb BPV-s\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs<\/strong>…)<\/p>\n

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\nQeveria aktuale e Kosov\u00ebs, n\u00eb programin e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb vet, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 tjerash zotime e detyrime, e parasheh dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e sektorit minerar. Nga buxheti i 2022 qeveria do i ndante 40 milion\u00eb \u20ac p\u00ebr financimin e investimeve n\u00eb Trep\u00e7\u00eb dhe n\u00eb Telekom. Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb se ca dhjetra miliona p\u00ebr Trep\u00e7\u00ebn jan\u00eb di\u00e7 si mikro-mbeturinat nd\u00ebr dh\u00ebmb\u00eb-zor\u00ebt e makinerive t\u00eb ndryshkura, Trep\u00e7\u00ebs i duhen nja 500-600 milion\u00eb. N\u00eb rregull, shtrohet pyetja ku t’i gjej\u00eb Kosova me qindra miliona? E nj\u00ebjta pyetje mund t\u00eb shtrohet dhe p\u00ebr autostradat – ku i gjeti Kosova miliardat?!<\/p>\n

Nganj\u00ebher\u00eb Kosova sikur i parap\u00eblqen autostradat e shtrenjta, me verdhushka publike nd\u00ebrtohen autostradash 1-miliard\u00ebshe. Ndoshta sepse duhet \u00e7ar\u00eb kodrat, duhet bler\u00eb tokat (kahdo t’bjer udha e auto-udh\u00ebs), duhet hapur tunelet, duhet nd\u00ebrtuar urat etj etj. Autostradat kan\u00eb mjaft xingla-mingla, ndoshta m\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ohen ata milionat e “xhepave”. Apo ec e merre vesh, s’e kemi iden\u00eb pse jan\u00eb m\u00eb “atraktive” si biznes politikan\u00ebsh : )<\/p>\n

Zyrtar\u00ebt e administrat\u00ebs kosovare madje din\u00eb (pasi ta ken\u00eb matur kah do bjer autostrada) t’ia “falin” ndokujt 50 hektar\u00eb tok\u00eb, ia shesin gjoja nga 50 \u20ac arin. Vet\u00eb ia rregullojn\u00eb letrat, t\u00eb gjitha vulat e nevojshme, madje dhe ia mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb 150.000 \u20ac, 250.000 \u20ac, n\u00ebse nevoja dhe 500.000 \u20ac kredi bankare. P\u00ebr ta kompenzuar pastaj si “shtet” t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn tok\u00eb, t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit 50 hektar\u00eb nga 5000 \u20ac arin, me parat publike t\u00eb autostrad\u00ebs. Si i ndajn\u00eb pastaj milionat e allishervishit pa z\u00ebnka, pa fjalosje e grushtosje, pa buj\u00eb e poter\u00eb, s’e kemi iden\u00eb. Aq t\u00eb zot\u00ebt jan\u00eb kosovar\u00ebt, 50 \u20ac nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb “nj\u00ebsoj” me 5000 \u20ac, ama ata e b\u00ebjn\u00eb 50 = 5000.<\/p>\n

Dy sosh u nd\u00ebrtuan me para publike, kushtuan padyshim mbi 1.5 miliard \u20ac. N\u00ebse t’mos llogariteshin 1 miliard e kusur \u20ac remitenca t\u00eb diaspor\u00ebs, Kosova s’qe ndihmuar nga jasht\u00eb. S’e ka p\u00ebrmendur kush, n\u00eb autostradat s’pati investuar as Evropa as Amerika. P\u00ebrkundrazi, Bechtel Corporation e ShBA i pati vjelur kosovar\u00ebt (e edhe shqiptar\u00ebt e andejsh\u00ebm) me shtrenjt\u00ebsi prej qindra milionash. Sipas gjerman\u00ebve, autostrada “I. Rugova” ishte ndoshta m\u00eb e shtrenjta e Evrop\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Vall\u00eb a nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ironike q\u00eb Kosova m\u00eb s\u00eb paku vetura n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, por autostradat m\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjta t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs! Aq sa \u00e7uditen dhe vet\u00eb gjerman\u00ebt, vet\u00eb shpik\u00ebsit dhe pionier\u00ebt e “Autobahn”. Vet\u00eb ata e pat\u00ebn shpikur autostrad\u00ebn q\u00eb para nj\u00eb shekulli, para amerikan\u00ebve, para eskimez\u00ebve dhe para gjithkujt, pothuaj ende para koh\u00ebs s\u00eb “mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb” t\u00eb Fuhrer.<\/p>\n

Amerikan\u00ebt gjoja sipas tradit\u00ebs “miku mik, por kosi xhixha”, jo vet\u00ebm ca miliona… qindra miliona m\u00eb shtrenjt\u00eb. N\u00eb fakt, vet\u00ebm nga ngutulushizmi i Berish\u00ebs dikur, Bechtel i pati vjelur 400 milion\u00eb $ njami-njami. N\u00eb Mars t\u00eb 2014 FMN do i jepte Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb 457 milion\u00eb $ hua, gjoja pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr t’i shlyer borxhet e krijuara me projektin e auto-udh\u00ebs. Nga ekspert\u00ebt britanik\u00eb, at\u00ebkoh\u00eb e pata lexuar se marzhi i fitimit t\u00eb Bechtel ishte fort i “majm\u00eb”, rreth 32%, ose 400 milion\u00eb $. Pra e qart\u00eb, FMN e pati ndihmuar Berish\u00ebn q\u00eb ky t’mos “koritej” me miqt\u00eb e Bechtel.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb programin e qeveris\u00eb aktuale kosovare figuron zotimi se do t’angazhohen p\u00ebr shfryt\u00ebzimin optimal t\u00eb burimeve minerare, se do t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoj\u00eb korniz\u00ebn ligjore, se do ta analizoj\u00eb gjendjen e Trep\u00e7\u00ebs, sikur dhe t\u00eb minierave tjera t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. T\u00eb gjitha masat, nd\u00ebrhyrjet, p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimet rreth e rrotull k\u00ebtij sektori, sipas vler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb, do t’bazoheshin n\u00eb aspekte t\u00eb arsyeshme ekonomike, teknologjike, sociale dhe mjedisore.<\/p>\n

Mir\u00ebpo Kosova s’paska b\u00ebr\u00eb ndonj\u00eb analiz\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar t\u00eb vler\u00ebs reale t\u00eb kompleksit Trep\u00e7a. Se pse, s’e kemi iden\u00eb, por padyshim sepse (p\u00ebr arsye t\u00eb kompleksitetit) procesi i till\u00eb ngelet akoma i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Sidoqoft\u00eb, n\u00eb v. 1992, qenk\u00ebsh th\u00ebn\u00eb at\u00ebbot\u00eb se potenciali material i Trep\u00e7\u00ebs mund t’ishte deri 85 miliard\u00eb $. Kahdo t\u00eb rrotullohet, potenciali i Trep\u00e7\u00ebs, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ekonomi relativisht t\u00eb “vog\u00ebl” si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo e Kosov\u00ebs, s’do mend se \u00ebsht\u00eb i madh. Urojm\u00eb q\u00eb Trep\u00e7a t’mos ngelet tutje “dyt\u00ebsore”, urojm\u00eb t’jet\u00eb prioriteti i radh\u00ebs, urojm\u00eb t’jet\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00ebsore se ndonj\u00eb autostrad\u00eb e radh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

***
\nN\u00eb shkrimet e ndokujt nga shkollar\u00ebt mund t\u00eb haset se historia e dyndjeve t\u00eb popujve si dhe konflikt-kryq\u00ebzimi historik bizantin, bullgar, serb, shqiptar, turk etj. na e “shpjegon” trash\u00ebgimin\u00eb e pak\u00ebnaq\u00ebsive dhe t\u00eb padrejt\u00ebsive t\u00eb vjetra, e q\u00eb t\u00eb cilat ishin “baza” e trazirave politike t\u00eb 1990-ave. Ka teori se dhe lufta e Kosov\u00ebs, se intervenimi i per\u00ebndimor\u00ebve pati qen\u00eb i “frym\u00ebzuar” nga hesape t\u00eb mir\u00ebllogaritura rreth resurseve t\u00eb Trep\u00e7\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Ka teori se, nuk ishte vet\u00ebm “ombrella strategjike” si motiv (\u00e7\u00ebshtja e siguris\u00eb, kok\u00ebdhimbja e armatimit b\u00ebrthamor, aspektet strategjike ndaj Lindjes, trash\u00ebguar q\u00eb nga vitet e Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb), apo dhe n\u00ebse ishte ky motiv… “mbulesa” e kostove t\u00eb operacioneve qenk\u00ebsh llogaritur se (herdokur\u00eb) do kompenzohej nga resurset natyrore t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs. Pasi amerikan\u00ebt asnj\u00eb luft\u00eb se niskan falas, sa p\u00ebr t’luftuar e rrezikuar as hi\u00e7 se hi\u00e7. T\u00eb tilla “teori” analitike, qofshin analizash politike a teori t\u00eb historian\u00ebve, e qart\u00eb se do jen\u00eb “lakrash pro-ruse”, krip\u00ebzuar e shijezuar ndoshta p\u00ebr audiencat e pan-sllavizmit.<\/p>\n

Ashtu-k\u00ebshtu historia aq e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb si “shkenc\u00eb”, jo vet\u00ebm sepse shum\u00eb fije t\u00ebrthurohen me politikat, por dhe sepse njeriu gjithmon\u00eb do jet\u00eb i penguar nga lloj-lloj “bias” (si\u00e7 i quan bota anglishtfol\u00ebse – vet\u00eb, meq\u00eb termi “paragjykim” s’m\u00eb duket adekuat, e quaj mjaft “shkenc\u00ebrisht”, pothuaj Jungurisht – elemente natyrale t\u00eb psiko-korrupsionit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrdijsh\u00ebm : )
\nP\u00ebr t’i refuzuar si t\u00eb pabaza, p\u00ebr t’i hedhur posht, p\u00ebr t’i zhvler\u00ebsuar, p\u00ebr t’i mbrojtur, p\u00ebr t’i d\u00ebshmuar disa gj\u00ebra t\u00eb historis\u00eb, thuase do ishte e mundur vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse alien\u00ebt (eventualisht) t’ia fillonin me shkrimin e histori\u00ebs tok\u00ebsore, vet\u00ebm kronikat e tyre do e kishin neutralitetin absolut – p\u00ebrndryshe ngelet e pamundur. Meq\u00eb alien\u00ebt s’do ken\u00eb “bias”, memet e tyre s’lidhen me hi\u00e7asgj\u00eb t\u00eb Tok\u00ebs, s’kan\u00eb asnj\u00eb motiv p\u00ebr shtremb\u00ebrime, k\u00ebshtusoj do jen\u00eb 100% neutral\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrndryshe krijohet p\u00ebrshtypja sikur njeriu s’do e ket\u00eb kurr\u00eb sigurin\u00eb e plot\u00eb rreth “historis\u00eb” s\u00eb vet, asnj\u00eb historian, asnj\u00eb studius. S’ka t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb absolute, thon\u00eb filozof\u00ebt. N\u00ebse s’ka vertet\u00ebsi absolute, at\u00ebher\u00eb do ishte absurd t\u00eb pretendohet siguria e vertet\u00ebsive historike. S’do rehatohet kurr\u00eb n\u00eb qet\u00ebsin\u00eb e vet, s’do e ket\u00eb paqen asnj\u00eb historian, asnj\u00eb studius. Kot n\u00ebse t’i ket\u00eb hulumtuar t\u00eb gjitha arkivat e bot\u00ebs, kot n\u00ebse brenda kafk\u00ebs ta ket\u00eb ngjeshur nj\u00eb bibliotek\u00eb t\u00eb “Aleksandris\u00eb”. Ose, n\u00eb fakt i bie dy sosh, q\u00ebkur ajo e djegura (si m\u00eb e pasura e bot\u00ebs antike) dhe biblio-modernizmi i Aleksandris\u00eb s\u00eb tashme, realisht b\u00ebjn\u00eb dy biblioteka.<\/p>\n

Larg nga “lakrat pro-ruse”, s’na duhen lodhje t\u00eb tilla teorike. Madje (sipas meje, kuptohet) me 1 fakt t\u00eb vet\u00ebm do i kthenim n\u00eb di\u00e7 si “teori konspirative”. Bie fjala, jo dhe aq larg n\u00eb koh\u00eb, Brown University e pati kryer nj\u00eb studim ekstensiv t\u00eb impaktit nj\u00ebzetvje\u00e7ar rreth aktiviteteve ushtarake t\u00eb ShBA, n\u00eb luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr terrorizmit. P\u00ebr 2 dekada (nga 2001 deri 2021), ShBA u desh t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmerrnin operacione n\u00eb mbi 85 shtete t\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Kostoja buxhetore pati arritur n\u00eb 8 trilion\u00eb $, dhe at\u00eb madje t\u00eb gjitha “borxh publik” (kosto q\u00eb do ta paguajn\u00eb gjeneratat e ardhshme).<\/p>\n

Po aq vite, 2 dekada kaluan nga \u00e7lirimi i Kosov\u00ebs – n\u00ebse Trep\u00e7a t’na ishte “motivi” i per\u00ebndimor\u00ebve dikur, vall\u00eb pse pra gjat\u00eb 20 viteve as BE as ShBA nuk i ndan\u00eb 500-600 milion\u00eb $ p\u00ebr ringjalljen denj\u00ebsisht t\u00eb Trep\u00e7\u00ebs. \u00c7’jan\u00eb 500 milion\u00eb krahasuar me 8 trilion\u00eb $, \u00e7’jan\u00eb 500 milion\u00eb verdhushka p\u00ebr 50 + 30, p\u00ebr 80 shtete s\u00eb bashku!<\/p>\n

Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebr fat t\u00eb mir\u00eb historia ka dhe fakte t\u00eb lehta, edhe plot t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetash. T\u00eb tilla na k\u00ebnaqin me emb\u00eblsin\u00eb e me thjesht\u00ebsin\u00eb. Disa fakte t\u00eb historis\u00eb mund t\u00eb “l\u00ebvrohen” si arashkat, jan\u00eb pothuaj sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore. Psh. \u00ebsht\u00eb fakt, e gjith\u00eb bota mbar\u00eb e di se serb\u00ebt qen\u00eb dyndur. Po ashtu s’e mohon kush se dhe turqit qen\u00eb “dyndur”, pat\u00ebn ardhur nga p\u00ebrtej djerrinave aziatike, nj\u00ebsoj si dikur armadat e Persis\u00eb, dhe desh e pat\u00ebn zaptuar “p\u00ebrgjithmon\u00eb” gjysm\u00ebn e Evrop\u00ebs. Dyndje aq k\u00ebmb\u00ebngulse, me shekuj e shekuj, aq sa tani Evropa madje i ka pranuar t’jen\u00eb dhe ata “Evrop\u00eb”. Etj. etj.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb fakt i thjesht\u00eb se dhe romak\u00ebt qen\u00eb dyndur, me vesin e tyre t\u00eb dyndjes pat\u00ebn bredhur “rretherrotull” Evrop\u00ebs, jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Britani por pat\u00ebn vajtur dhe n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb. Etj. etj. ka sa t\u00eb duash fakte t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta, aty-k\u00ebtu sikur as qielli s’ka yje e xix\u00ebllimash m\u00eb shum\u00eb se \u00e7’ka historia t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta.<\/p>\n

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\n\u00cbsht\u00eb fakt po ashtu se Stant\u00ebrgu njihet si minier\u00eb funksionale q\u00eb nga periudha romake. Padyshim kronikat e d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb krenarin\u00eb e qytetit Municipium Dardanorum, si kryeqytet i provinces romake n\u00eb Dardani. Me r\u00ebnien e perandoris\u00eb Romake dhe, kuptohet p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb faktor\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb gjat\u00eb historis\u00eb, aktiviteti i minierave do ulej e do pezullohej, deri n\u00eb epok\u00ebn e Mesjet\u00ebs s\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Meq\u00eb Stant\u00ebrgu ishte nj\u00ebra nga minierat m\u00eb t\u00eb pasura t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs me plumb, zink, argjend dhe ar, mbreti serb Millutin do e ujdiste pik\u00ebrisht aty nj\u00eb pun\u00ebtori p\u00ebr prerje monedhash. Historia thot\u00eb se “banka” e tij me metalurgjikat e Stant\u00ebrgut pati funksionuar m\u00eb gjat\u00eb se nj\u00eb shekull. Perandori Dushan do e caktonte nj\u00eb “knez” t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr administrimin e Trep\u00e7\u00ebs.
\nMiniera do e arrinte kulmin gjat\u00eb sundimit t\u00eb perandorit Urosh, pasuesit t\u00eb Dushanit. N\u00eb v. 1363, Uroshi do i jepte Vuk Brankoviqit titullin “sundimtar i Drenic\u00ebs, i Kosov\u00ebs dhe i Trep\u00e7\u00ebs”. Shih pra, Trep\u00e7a di\u00e7 si “entitet” i posa\u00e7\u00ebm, di\u00e7 speciale, sepse tep\u00ebr e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Trep\u00e7a do qeverisej nga Brankoviqi deri n\u00eb v. 1396, kur qe kapur nga osmanlinjt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Trep\u00e7a madje kishte p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues nga qytetesh t\u00eb pasura tregtare, si Spliti, Kotori i asaj kohe. Sa e sa fisniku i pasur do jet\u00eb pasuruar “extra”. Dubrovniku madje e pati em\u00ebruar nj\u00eb konsull enkas p\u00ebr Trep\u00e7\u00ebn, sepse aq e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Mir\u00ebpo, n\u00ebn sundimin e perandoris\u00eb Osmane, Trep\u00e7a dhe shum\u00eb miniera t\u00eb tjera do ia fillonin me p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsime. Gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs Austro-Turke nga 1683-99 miniera qe shkat\u00ebrruar, pas v. 1690 aktiviteti minerar do pezullohej pothuaj plot\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n

Pas L. I Bot\u00ebrore, p\u00ebr t’i leht\u00ebsuar detyrimet e borxheve dhe t\u00eb kredive t\u00eb luft\u00ebs, mbret\u00ebria serbo-kroato-sllovene i nisi k\u00ebrkimet gjeologjike t\u00eb minierave, e sidomos n\u00eb Trep\u00e7\u00eb. K\u00ebrkimet qen\u00eb inicuar dhe ishin n\u00ebn mbiqkqyrjen e Kryeministrit t\u00eb at\u00ebhersh\u00ebm Nikolla Pashiq. N\u00eb v. 1927 qe fuqizuar kontrata me anglez\u00ebt, ose dmth. si\u00e7 e d\u00ebshmon historia, filloi shfryt\u00ebzimi i Trep\u00e7\u00ebs nga shoq\u00ebria aksionare londoneze “Trep\u00e7a Mines Ltd”.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb v. 1930 filloi prodhimi i rregullt. Nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb m\u00eb pas, n\u00eb v.1940 filloi funksionimi i shkritores s\u00eb plumbit. Tutje do ishte Lufta II B. sidoqoft\u00eb, n\u00eb v. 1950 qe nd\u00ebrtuar tutje e zgjeruar. N\u00eb v. 1964 t\u00eb gjitha minierat e plumbit dhe t\u00eb zinkut qen\u00eb integruar n\u00eb “Trep\u00e7a”. Tre vite m\u00eb von\u00eb, n\u00eb v. 1967 ia filloi pun\u00ebs fabrika e baterive n\u00eb Mitrovic\u00eb. N\u00eb v. 1970 do themelohej Universiteti i Prishtin\u00ebs, mir\u00ebpo 3-4 vite m\u00eb pas dhe p\u00ebr Trep\u00e7\u00ebn do krijohej nj\u00eb strategji e re zhvillimore. Ca vite tutje, n\u00eb v. 1981 t\u00eb gjitha fabrikat e Trep\u00e7\u00ebs (n\u00eb Mitrovic\u00eb, Gjakov\u00eb, Prizren, Gjilan, Vushtrri e gjetiu) ia filluan prodhimtaris\u00eb s\u00eb rregullt.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin vit, 1981, protesta e student\u00ebve t\u00eb Prishtin\u00ebs (p\u00ebr kushte m\u00eb t\u00eb mira, p\u00ebr ushqim sadopak m\u00eb t\u00eb denj\u00eb n\u00eb menz\u00ebn e tyre) do e “ndizte fitilin” e protestave mbar\u00ebkosovare. As 1 dekad\u00eb me universitet, pothuaj ende n\u00eb prag t\u00eb m\u00ebk\u00ebmbjes kulturore, Trep\u00e7a n\u00eb kulmin e vet t\u00eb industrializmit, e furnizonte gjith\u00eb Beogradin me rrokaqiej e me mir\u00ebqenie, thuase Beogradi na shtyhej me Manhatan-in Njujorkez, historia s’e “harron” fraz\u00ebn e njohur t\u00eb koh\u00ebs “Trep\u00e7a punon, Beogradi nd\u00ebrton”, Trep\u00e7a ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb kolan\u00eb ekonomike e mbar\u00eb federat\u00ebs, p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte 70% t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pasuris\u00eb minerare t\u00eb ish-Jugosllavis\u00eb, at\u00ebbot\u00eb ishin t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 20.000 pun\u00ebtor\u00eb – ama \u00e7’e do, nj\u00eb grusht student\u00ebsh t\u00eb pak\u00ebnaqur me menz\u00ebn prej varfanjak\u00ebsh. Thuase 6 republika s\u00eb bashku, thuase kasa federale s’kishte verdhushka p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb sup\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shijshme n\u00eb nj\u00eb menze student\u00ebsh t\u00eb provinc\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Asnj\u00eb grim\u00eb as “gram” dashuri p\u00ebr student\u00ebt. Sepse di\u00e7 s’ishte n\u00eb rregull me politikat e me praktikat federale. Udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsia e Kosov\u00ebs e dinin fort mir\u00eb, por s’\u00ebsht\u00eb se kishin dhe aq “uj\u00eb n\u00eb sy”. Tekefundit ishin \u00e7unash t\u00eb zgjedhur dikur me kokall\u00eb t\u00eb titoizmit. V\u00ebllaz\u00ebrim-bashkimi duhesh ruajtur si “drita e syve”, ashtu e k\u00ebrkonin jo vet\u00ebm parullat e kuqe por dhe ideologjikat e kosovarizmit t\u00eb koh\u00ebs. Protestat do shuheshin me nd\u00ebrhyrjen masive t\u00eb policis\u00eb, qe b\u00ebr\u00eb “parat” madje dhe ushtria. Mesazhi i politikan\u00ebve kosovar\u00eb ishte i qart\u00eb, “p\u00ebr hir t\u00eb n\u00ebnave shqiptare, shp\u00ebrndahuni” – populli do e ulte kok\u00ebn. Do pasonte periudha e represionit dhe e diskriminimit politik.<\/p>\n

Do kalonin dhe ca vite, themelet e federat\u00ebs do ia fillonin me dridhje-l\u00ebkundjet, me korrupsionin e me nacionalizmat, sikur gjith\u00e7ka ishte nisur drejt nj\u00eb “tragjedie” te pashmangshme. Ca vite m\u00eb tutje dhe p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt e Kosov\u00ebs do vinte “zezona” politike e nacionalizmit serbo-sllav, do vinte epoka millosheviqiane.<\/p>\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb, nga v. 1930 deri 1985 Trep\u00e7a qe kthyer n\u00eb nj\u00eb kompleks t\u00eb madh minierar, qe b\u00ebr\u00eb di\u00e7 si konglomerat prej 40 minierash e fabrikash, me “zemr\u00ebn” n\u00eb Stant\u00ebrg (minier\u00eb e famshme, si\u00e7 tham\u00eb, q\u00eb nga koha romake). Thuhet se n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn 1945-1990 prodhimi vjetor n\u00eb minierat e Trep\u00e7\u00ebs i arrinte 600.000 ton\u00eb xehe. Konsiderohej si nj\u00eb nga kompanit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb por n\u00eb gjith\u00eb YU-federat\u00ebn. Trep\u00e7a konsiderohej shtylla kryesore industriale e ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs (vet\u00ebm kompleksi Trep\u00e7a p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte at\u00ebbot\u00eb rreth 70% t\u00eb BPV t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs). P\u00ebrve\u00e7 aseteve n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, 31 asete t\u00eb gjigantit Trep\u00e7a ndodheshin n\u00eb republikat e ish-Jugosllavis\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb dhe fabrika, zyra dhe objekte t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n

Sipas llogaritjeve b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb v. 2017, vlera e prodhimit t\u00eb kompleksit Trep\u00e7a n\u00eb v. 1975 ishte 360 milion\u00eb $, dhe 340 milion $ n\u00eb v. 1987. Trep\u00e7a ishte nr. 1 n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, e 5-ta n\u00eb bot\u00eb p\u00ebr shkrirjen e plumbit n\u00eb v. 1985, dhe nj\u00eb nga m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhat\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpunimin e zinkut. Trep\u00e7a prodhonte mbi 80% t\u00eb plumbit t\u00eb rafinuar dhe mbi 50% t\u00eb zinkut t\u00eb rafinuar n\u00eb Jugosllavi.<\/p>\n

R\u00ebnia e prodhimit do fillonte n\u00eb vitet ’90 (t\u00eb shek. XX), regjimi i at\u00ebhersh\u00ebm serb vendosi masa t\u00eb dhunshme ndaj Kosov\u00ebs, duke mbyllur pothuaj gjith\u00e7ka, me biznes e institucione. Rrethanat politike t\u00eb koh\u00ebs do e b\u00ebnin t\u00eb veten, pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e komunitetit shqiptar do largoheshin nga puna. Nga shtypja e demonstratave n\u00eb v. 1981 deri n\u00eb prag t\u00eb luft\u00ebs, p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt do b\u00ebheshin dy dekada ngulfatje e represion politik, ekonomik, kulturor. Ekonomia kosovare qe pla\u00e7kitur e n\u00ebp\u00ebrk\u00ebmbur, shum\u00eb kombinate kosovare qen\u00eb katandisur mozomokeq.<\/p>\n

Aparati millosheviqian do e shembte a rr\u00ebnonte \u00e7do sistem t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm, qen\u00eb pezulluar t\u00eb gjitha rutinat ordinere t\u00eb qytetaris\u00eb e t\u00eb mbijetes\u00ebs. Qen\u00eb mbyllur t\u00eb gjitha “dyert” e arsyes, nj\u00eb popull i t\u00ebr\u00eb sikur qe hedhur n\u00eb rrug\u00eb, nj\u00eb popull i t\u00ebr\u00eb sikur kthyer n\u00eb kukulla t\u00eb heshtjes. U desh nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb “gandiane” dhe e arsyes, nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb urt\u00ebsi dhe impenjim p\u00ebr sensibilizimin e bot\u00ebs s\u00eb qytet\u00ebruar, nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb thirravajesh e kultivim miq\u00ebsish, nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb politikisht “duarlidhur”, si marionetash t\u00eb hutuara n\u00eb udh\u00ebkryqin e koh\u00ebs s\u00eb pakoh\u00eb, lidhur me lloj-lloj fijesh t\u00eb absurdit.<\/p>\n

Pas nj\u00eb dekade ng\u00ebr\u00e7i ekonomik e politik, pas luft\u00ebs n\u00eb v. 1999 Trep\u00e7a u vendos n\u00ebn administrimin e UNMIK-ut. Anise do p\u00ebrballej me lloj-lloj problemesh edhe pas luft\u00ebs. Makinerit\u00eb e vjet\u00ebruara dhe pamund\u00ebsia e mir\u00ebmbajtjes s\u00eb tyre ishin dhe ende sot e k\u00ebsaj dite jan\u00eb probleme t\u00eb vazhdueshme. N\u00eb v. 2002 Trep\u00e7a fillon t\u00eb menaxhohet nga Agjencia Kosovare e Mir\u00ebbesimit (AKM). Pas difektit, i cili nuk qe m\u00ebnjanuar p\u00ebr 4 vite t\u00eb t\u00ebra, n\u00eb v. 2005 Trep\u00e7a e vazhdon disi pun\u00ebn me nj\u00eb kapacitet minimal.
\nN\u00eb v. 2008 Trep\u00e7a do menaxhohej tashm\u00eb nga Agjencia Kosovare e Privatizimit (AKP). Tutje n\u00eb v. 2015 Trep\u00e7a qe ndodhur para falimentimit total, meq\u00eb AKP-ja s’kishte arritur ta hartonte nj\u00eb plan p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen e minier\u00ebs, qeveria do e nd\u00ebrmerrte hapin e shtet\u00ebzimit, do regjistrohej si shoq\u00ebri aksionare, 80% e aksioneve qeveris\u00eb, 20% pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Aktualisht, thuhet se n\u00eb v. 2020 kapaciteti i minierave t\u00eb Stant\u00ebrgut dhe Novob\u00ebrd\u00ebs i arriti 165.861 ton\u00eb, n\u00eb v. 2021 i arriti 220.185 ton\u00eb, p\u00ebr v. 2022 qe planifikuar t\u00eb arrihen 250.178 ton\u00eb. Edhe tani, Stant\u00ebrgu dhe Novob\u00ebrda jan\u00eb dy minierat m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha operative t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb. P\u00ebr fat t\u00eb mir\u00eb, edhe p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsive Trep\u00e7a operon n\u00eb tregun evropian, plumbi dhe zinku eksportohen n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb p\u00ebrmes tender\u00ebve publik\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb. T\u00eb ardhurat nga shitja e plumbit dhe zinkut n\u00eb v. 2021 ishin mbi 13 milion\u00eb \u20ac. Gjat\u00eb v. 2022 ishte planifikuar t\u00eb arrihej shuma prej 18 milion\u00eb \u20ac.<\/p>\n

E megjithat\u00eb, pagat e minator\u00ebve variojn\u00eb nga 600 \u20ac – 800 \u20ac, var\u00ebsisht nga p\u00ebrvoja dhe kualifikimet. Thuase p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb ironia akoma m\u00eb “ironike”, asnj\u00eb nga pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt s’ka sigurim sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor apo t\u00eb jet\u00ebs. Sepse… sepse, p\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq Kosova ende s’i ka rregulluar disa gj\u00ebra, e as \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e sigurimeve sh\u00ebndetsore. Derisa dikur Trep\u00e7a ishte krenaria e gjith\u00eb federat\u00ebs jugosllave, fillikat e vetme e rehatonte 70% t\u00eb BPV-s\u00eb kosovare, i kishte m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 20.000 t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar, vitet e fundit s’ka patur m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1300 punonj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Q\u00eb t\u00eb rip\u00ebrtrihej funksioni prodhues i Trep\u00e7\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohej kapaciteti sadopak m\u00eb denj\u00ebsisht, nevojiten investime p\u00ebr makineri bashk\u00ebkohore. Aktualisht mjetet s’jan\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion. Dhe askush s’e ka iden\u00eb n\u00ebse do jen\u00eb, apo kur\u00eb do jen\u00eb – fjala \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr investime sa t\u00eb nj\u00eb “gjysm\u00eb-autostrade”.<\/p>\n

Thuhet se minierat tani kan\u00eb rezerva prej 60.5 milion\u00eb ton\u00eb xehe, kjo “p\u00ebrkthehet” t\u00eb jen\u00eb 3 milion\u00eb ton\u00eb plumb, 2 milion\u00eb ton\u00eb zink dhe 4500 ton\u00eb argjend. Rikthimi i kapacitetit t\u00eb kompleksit Trep\u00e7a do sillte shum\u00eb vende pune dhe kuptohet, ekonomin\u00eb e vendit do e vitalizonte duksh\u00ebm. Mir\u00ebpo vler\u00ebsohet se p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimet e nevojshme do kushtonin shum\u00eb, pa investime t\u00eb huaja ekonomia kosovare sikur s’ka kapacitet p\u00ebr investime t\u00eb tilla. Sipas disa statistikave, kompleksi Trep\u00e7a s’mund t\u00eb rigjall\u00ebrohet pa t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 600 milion\u00eb $ investime.<\/p>\n

Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, Kosova se kah i gjen\u00eb mjetet p\u00ebr investime n\u00eb autostradash e foristradash. As federalist\u00ebt e 50 shteteve t\u00eb ShBA s’kan\u00eb foristrada m\u00eb luksoze, m\u00eb t\u00eb zeza e m\u00eb shk\u00eblqimtare se qeveritar\u00ebt kosovar\u00eb. Urojm\u00eb q\u00eb Trep\u00e7a t’mos ngelet tutje “dyt\u00ebsore”, urojm\u00eb t’b\u00ebhet prioriteti i radh\u00ebs, urojm\u00eb t’jet\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00ebsore se ndonj\u00eb autostrad\u00eb e radh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

[ ngjitur: kristalet e Trep\u00e7\u00ebs, Muzeu i Kristaleve dhe Mineraleve – Bujar T\u00ebrstena, RFE\/RL<\/em><\/span> ]<\/p>\n

Referencat:
\n– AKP (Agjencia Kosovare e Privatizimit)<\/span>
\n– Minir Dushi – Trep\u00e7a – AShAK, Prishtin\u00eb, 2002<\/span>
\n– Oto Bihalji-Merin – Little Encyclopedia Prosveta – Beograd, 1986<\/span>
\n– Thomas Stalder (saharagems)<\/span>
\n– Novak Bjeliq – “Politika”, Beograd, 2018<\/span>
\n– Radosh Ljushiq – Enciklopedi e popullit serb, Beograd, 2008<\/span>
\n– Branislav Nikoliq – “Politika”, Beograd, 2017<\/span>
\n– Jean Feraud – The Trepca Mine, 2013<\/span>
\n– RFE\/RL (Luljeta Krasniqi-Veseli, Bujar T\u00ebrstena – foto ), 2022<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S. Guraziu – Ars Poetica, Prill 2023 (pak p\u00ebrsiatje, dhe retro-histori…) (…Trep\u00e7a p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte 70% t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pasuris\u00eb minerare t\u00eb ish-YU, ishte nr. 1 n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, e 5-ta n\u00eb bot\u00eb p\u00ebr shkrirjen e plumbit n\u00eb v. 1985, dhe nj\u00eb nga m\u00eb… Lexo →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-komente"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12806","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12806"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12806\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12806"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12806"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12806"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}