{"id":13839,"date":"2023-12-29T15:45:36","date_gmt":"2023-12-29T14:45:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?p=13839"},"modified":"2024-04-08T22:13:40","modified_gmt":"2024-04-08T21:13:40","slug":"tugrat-emblemat-kaligrafike-signaturat-e-sulltaneve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?p=13839","title":{"rendered":"Tugrat (emblemat kaligrafike), Signaturat e Sulltan\u00ebve"},"content":{"rendered":"

S. Guraziu – Ars Poetica, dhjetor 2023 (art kaligrafik + art digjital)<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00eb “kulmin” e struktur\u00ebs qeveritare t\u00eb perandoris\u00eb osmane ishte nj\u00eb di\u00e7 si agjenci elitare perandorake, Kancelaria Zyrtare Perandorake (zyrat i kishte n\u00eb pallatin Topkapi, dmth. t\u00eb Stambollit, “Porta e Lart\u00eb”). Agjencia i krijonte, i kopjonte (shum\u00ebzonte) dhe i regjistronte t\u00eb gjitha dekretet zyrtare qeveritare, t\u00eb njohura si firmane, sikur dhe traktatet, letrat dhe korrespondenc\u00ebn zyrtare t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb perandorake. \u00c7do dekret (firman) perandorak fuqizohej me n\u00ebnshkrimin zyrtar t\u00eb sulltanit t\u00eb radh\u00ebs n\u00eb pushtet.<\/p>\n

Signatura emblematike e autoritetit t\u00eb sulltanit q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihej n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha dokumentet zyrtare (firmanet ose dekretet mbret\u00ebrore, letrat zyrtare, korrespondencat, monedhat), ishte n\u00ebnshkrimi i ashtuquajtur “tugra”. Pik\u00ebrisht n\u00ebnshkrimi (tugra), e zyrtarizonte dokumentin. Tugrat n\u00eb dokumentet e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme osmane q\u00eb datojn\u00eb nga fillim-shekulli XVI e tutje, ishin vep\u00ebr e nj\u00eb zyrtari t\u00eb specializuar enkas p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb pun\u00eb ( zyrtar i njohur si “tughrake\u015f”). Detyra bazike e tij ishte t’i vendoste tugrat n\u00eb krye t\u00eb \u00e7do dokumenti.<\/p>\n

Derisa stilistika e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb e signatur\u00ebs do ndryshonte me secilin sulltan t\u00eb radh\u00ebs, forma e “tugr\u00ebs” baz\u00eb do ngelej praktikisht e pandryshuar gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb sundimit osman.
\nDokumentet e l\u00ebshuara nga kjo agjenci e qeveris\u00eb perandorake krijoheshin enkas p\u00ebr ta pasqyruar fuqin\u00eb dhe madh\u00ebshtin\u00eb e sundimtarit (sulltanit t\u00eb radh\u00ebs), n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit l\u00ebshoheshin. N\u00eb krye t\u00eb \u00e7do firmani vendosej nj\u00eb “mbishkres\u00eb” kaligrafike (specifike p\u00ebr secilin sulltan), e njohur si tugra. Signatura e till\u00eb unikale jo vet\u00ebm tregonte burimin e urdhrit a t\u00eb firmanit, por sh\u00ebrbente gjithashtu si p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsim vizual publik (i sundimtarit).<\/p>\n

Tugra konsiderohet si nj\u00eb nga krijimet m\u00eb tipike dhe origjinale t\u00eb artit islamik. Sipas burimeve nga muzeumi Metropolitan (New York), periudha osmane (n\u00eb artin islamik) do sillte nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb modelesh kaligrafike t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme, si n\u00eb shkall\u00eb monumentale p\u00ebr dekorimin e nd\u00ebrtesave (t\u00eb xhamive psh), e po ashtu dhe n\u00eb kaligrafin\u00eb e tugrave unikale.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb v. 1324 nga sulltani i par\u00eb osman, m\u00eb von\u00eb signatura qe zhvilluar n\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb m\u00eb komplekse dhe delikate. Tugrat m\u00eb t\u00eb hershme osmane q\u00eb kan\u00eb mbijetuar qen\u00eb ekzekutuar vet\u00ebm me boj\u00eb t\u00eb zez\u00eb. Nivelin m\u00eb t\u00eb rafinuar t\u00eb artit kaligrafik “tugra” do e arrinte n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e Sylejmanit t\u00eb Madh\u00ebrish\u00ebm (i cili pati sunduar nga v. I520 deri 1566). Thuhet se “tugrat” e tij jan\u00eb nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunuarat dhe m\u00eb monumentalet si shembuj t\u00eb artit kaligrafik. Me madh\u00ebshtin\u00eb e linj\u00ebs dhe me delikates\u00ebn e modelit t\u00eb zbukurimit (ornamentet florale), tugrat e tij e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb fuqin\u00eb dhe fines\u00ebn e dizajnit kaligrafik osman.<\/p>\n

Tugra p\u00ebrmbante emrin e sulltanit n\u00eb fuqi, emrin e babait t\u00eb tij, titullin e tij dhe fraz\u00ebn “ngadhnjimtar p\u00ebrjet\u00ebsisht” (ose “prore, p\u00ebrher\u00eb ngadhnjimtar”).<\/p>\n

“Zyrtari-artist specifik i oborrit (tughrake\u015f) ngarkohej me detyr\u00ebn e vizatimit t\u00eb tugr\u00ebs standarde (t\u00eb pazbukuruar). Pastaj nj\u00eb ilustrator-iluminist i specializuar merrej me dekorimin e holl\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb tugr\u00ebs. Ky do i shtonte t\u00eb gjitha ornamentet dhe stilizimet florale. Dizajni delikat rrotull linj\u00ebs kaligrafike (me lulet natyraliste, duke krijuar nj\u00eb efekt voluminoz shum\u00ebngjyr\u00ebsh) e p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsonte shijen harmonike t\u00eb kaligrafis\u00eb” – shkruante autori Walter Denny, n\u00eb not\u00ebn e katalogut ku prezantohej tugra e sulltan Sylejmanit (Metropolitan, NY).<\/p>\n

**
\nKaligrafia (n\u00ebnshkrimi):<\/em>
\nSylejman Khani, i biri i Selim Khanit, p\u00ebrjet\u00ebsisht ngadhnjimtar<\/strong> (“mbret\u00ebrimi i tij t\u00eb zgjas\u00eb p\u00ebrjetsh\u00ebm”, ose “mbret\u00ebrimi i tij qoft\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithmon\u00eb”)
\nM\u00eb posht\u00eb, me shkronja t\u00eb florinjta:<\/em>
\nKy \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebnshkrimi fisnik, i lart\u00ebsuar, brilant, kodi i Khaqanit (Khakanit), vula iluministe e bot\u00ebs dhe adhurimfal\u00ebse [u b\u00ebft\u00eb efikase me ndihm\u00ebn e Zotit dhe mbrojtjen e t\u00eb P\u00ebrjetshmit]<\/strong>
\nUrdhri i tij \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb<\/strong> […]<\/p>\n

[ Djathtas ] Sulltan Sylejmani, i Madh\u00ebrishmi (1494-1566) – Art Digjital (Lexica Aperture – AI Engine) – Sky Division, 2023<\/p>\n

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S. Guraziu – Ars Poetica, dhjetor 2023 (art kaligrafik + art digjital) N\u00eb “kulmin” e struktur\u00ebs qeveritare t\u00eb perandoris\u00eb osmane ishte nj\u00eb di\u00e7 si agjenci elitare perandorake, Kancelaria Zyrtare Perandorake (zyrat i kishte n\u00eb pallatin Topkapi, dmth. t\u00eb Stambollit, “Porta… Lexo →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13839","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-digital","category-classic"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13839","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=13839"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13839\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=13839"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=13839"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=13839"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}