{"id":1664,"date":"2019-09-26T19:02:34","date_gmt":"2019-09-26T19:02:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.letrat.eu\/?p=1664"},"modified":"2024-09-30T09:47:32","modified_gmt":"2024-09-30T08:47:32","slug":"disa-pikepyetje-rreth-homoseksualizmit-te-akilit-homerik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?p=1664","title":{"rendered":"Disa Pik\u00ebpyetje rreth Homoseksualizmit t\u00eb Akilit (Homerik)!"},"content":{"rendered":"

S. Guraziu – Ars Poetica, T 2018, Sht 2022<\/em><\/p>\n

(…Homeri ia mvesh gjith\u00eb Greqis\u00eb “motivin” e nj\u00eb Helene t\u00eb vetme, apo mos vall\u00eb motivin “helenistik” – do pyeste lexuesi i thjesht\u00eb! N\u00ebse Akili ishte “pederast” (si\u00e7 pohonte Platoni dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb kronist\u00eb), at\u00ebher\u00eb pse pra Platoni do thoshte di\u00e7 ashtu, do ishte nonsens i madh p\u00ebr nj\u00eb Platon, do ishte paragjykimi m\u00eb i madh platonik, mos vall\u00eb Platoni nuk e dinte prej nga vinte “frym\u00ebzimi” i Homerit<\/strong>…)<\/p>\n

[ Piktura<\/em>: Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825) – Varrimi i Patrokliut<\/strong>, 1778 ]<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

***
\nQ\u00eb nga shkollar\u00ebt e vjet\u00ebr e deri dhe sot nga modern\u00ebt nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e “qart\u00eb” pse Akili e donte Patrokliun aq shum\u00eb! Pse do t\u2019b\u00ebnte aq shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb, pse nuk i dhimbsej as jeta as hi\u00e7gj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb? Pse do qante, pse do binte aq ul\u00ebt, jo tashm\u00eb si nj\u00eb burr\u00eb, si nj\u00eb hero, a si trim, por si nj\u00eb i dob\u00ebt, i katandisur si mos m\u00eb keq. Do tregohej shum\u00eb m\u00eb i dob\u00ebt sesa vet\u00eb Briseja, mbi trupin e pajet\u00eb t\u00eb Patrokliut!<\/p>\n

Homeri s\u2019thot\u00eb asnj\u00eb fjal\u00eb q\u00eb lidhja mes Akilit e Patrokliut t\u00eb ket\u00eb qen\u00eb homo-erotike. Por s’e fsheh faktin q\u00eb me vrasjen e Patrokliut, Akili qe zem\u00ebruar tep\u00ebr shum\u00eb, m\u00eb “tep\u00ebr” se \u00e7’duhej. Ashtu-k\u00ebshtu kryetrimi s’kishte frik\u00eb nga asgj\u00eb, ishte trim i madh (nj\u00ebsoj si dhe Hektori n\u00eb mbrojtjen e Trojes s\u00eb vet). U desh vrasja e Patrokliut q\u00eb Akili t’i “kthehej” luft\u00ebs, thuase tashm\u00eb vet\u00ebm e vet\u00ebm q\u00eb t\u00eb hakmerrej p\u00ebr Patrokliun. Sipas Akilit nj\u00ebri prej tyre duhej t\u00eb vdiste, o Hektori o ai vet\u00eb. Dhe do ta ftonte Hektorin n\u00eb nj\u00eb duel burr\u00ebror.<\/p>\n

Akili e kishte si “paralajm\u00ebrim” se duke u nisur n\u00eb Troj\u00eb, do ta paguante me jet\u00ebn. Kur do vdiste nuk dihej, por se do vdiste e dinte, orakujt (dhe vet\u00eb n\u00ebna Thetisa, per\u00ebndesha) ia pat\u00ebn b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb. Se mos vet\u00ebm Thetisa, apo vet\u00ebm orakujt, madje dhe vet\u00eb kali i Akilit, Ksantosi, edhe ai mund ta “parashihte t\u00eb ardhm\u00ebn”, edhe ai mund t\u00eb fliste. Per\u00ebndesha Hera ua pati dh\u00ebn\u00eb kuajve t\u00eb Akilit aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb folur. Ksantosi e pati “paralajm\u00ebruar” se do t’vdiste. Akili vet\u00eb i vdeksh\u00ebm, mir\u00ebpo kuajt e tij t\u00eb pavdeksh\u00ebm, Ksantosi dhe Balosi pat\u00ebn ardhur n\u00eb jet\u00eb nga Zefiri, mund t\u00eb flisnin nj\u00ebsoj si Akili vet\u00eb. Mbase s’ishin dhe aq llafazan\u00ebr por padyshim duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb patur fort “muhabet”.<\/p>\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb, 10 vite duke luftuar si zem\u00ebluan, asgj\u00eb s’e gjeti Akilin. As Patrokliu nuk u vra, as Hektori as ai vet\u00eb. Ashtu-k\u00ebshtu (herdokur) do vdiste, andaj hakmarrja ishte tani pik\u00ebrisht \u00e7far\u00eb d\u00ebshironte pena e Homerit. Dhe do hakmerrej, do e vriste Hektorin, vras\u00ebsin e Patrokliut, princin m\u00eb t\u00eb lavdish\u00ebm t\u00eb Trojes. Trupin e pajet\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit pastaj do e t\u00ebrhiqte zhagas lidhur p\u00ebr karroc\u00ebn e luft\u00ebs. Kryetrimi i Troj\u00ebs s’e meritonte as nj\u00eb varrim t\u00eb denj\u00eb, e meritonte posht\u00ebrimin dhe ngopjen e ego-difektit akilian, nj\u00ebsoj sikur do posht\u00ebrohej dhe Priami! Na del e \u00e7uditshme “trim\u00ebria akiliane” i dashur Homer, sepse trimat e atij kalibri jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtur, zor se veprojn\u00eb ashtu.<\/p>\n

Pse do u besoja shkollar\u00ebve t\u00eb sot\u00ebm m\u00eb tep\u00ebr sesa bie fjala Platonit? Pse do kisha besim n\u00eb panum\u00ebr “shkrime” t\u00eb shkollar\u00ebve modern\u00eb n\u00ebse shkrimet e tyre thjesht nuk jan\u00eb bind\u00ebse? Mos vall\u00eb Platoni nuk e “njihte” Greqin\u00eb e asaj kohe! Mos vall\u00eb Platoni nuk e dinte prej nga vinte “frym\u00ebzimi” i Homerit! Vall\u00eb pse madje as industria e Hollivudit s’e p\u00ebrkrah mund\u00ebsin\u00eb “homo-erotike akiliane” si v\u00ebrtet\u00ebsi?<\/p>\n

Pse Platoni do pohonte ashtu – apo ndoshta thjesht ishte “objektiv” dhe i arsyesh\u00ebm, pse t’mos i besoj atij? Platoni mir\u00eb e dinte q\u00eb pederastia ishte e zakonshme n\u00eb Greqin\u00eb e Lasht\u00eb, dhe jo vet\u00ebm ai e dinte, \u2013 mendon autori R. Stone, “athinasit ishin shteti i par\u00eb grek i asaj kohe p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb praktik\u00ebn “homoseksuale” n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb strukturore” \u2013 shprehet ai.<\/p>\n

Platoni thoshte se Akili dhe Patrokliu kishin marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie homo-erotike. Nd\u00ebrsa mjaft shkollar\u00eb, botimet e Cambridge a t\u00eb Harvard sikur na thon\u00eb “jo, xhufurraku Platon ishte ngat\u00ebrruar, e kishte gabim”. T\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn linj\u00eb e ndjek dhe industria e Hollivudit. Vall\u00eb kujt duhet besuar, kur madje s\u2019\u00ebsht\u00eb nevoja as p\u00ebr “studime” p\u00ebr ta patur t\u00eb qart\u00eb dhe vet\u00ebm nga amforat se “pederastia” p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn fliste Platoni, praktikohej, ishte reale.<\/p>\n

***
\nNe lexuesit ordiner\u00eb s\u2019duhet harruar q\u00eb “epika homerike” pik\u00ebs\u00ebpari ishte truk i per\u00ebndive, ishte truk “hyjnor”. Nuk ishte ndonj\u00eb truk i tok\u00ebsor\u00ebve (i vdekatar\u00ebve). Psh. roli kryesor, roli m\u00eb madhor q\u00eb Homeri ia ishte “ngarkuar” per\u00ebndesh\u00ebs Athina n\u00eb “Iliad\u00ebn” ishte q\u00eb trojan\u00ebt medoemos duhej t\u00eb humbnin. Ky kusht homerik p\u00ebr Athinen dhe aq i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb nuk ishte, q\u00ebkur per\u00ebndesh\u00eb e men\u00e7uris\u00eb dhe e luft\u00ebs. Homeri thuase e kishte parallogaritur, n\u00ebse balansi i fuqive hyjnore eventualisht t\u00eb b\u00ebhej “penges\u00eb”, at\u00ebher\u00eb Athina do duhej provuar t\u00eb pamundur\u00ebn. S’do i zgjidhte as mjetet, as veglat as magjit\u00eb, duhej gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb grek\u00ebt t\u00eb triumfonin.<\/p>\n

Akoma pa ia filluar (epikave iliadeske), sikur fillimisht na duhet t’i imagjinojm\u00eb z\u00ebnkat e hyjnor\u00ebve, na duhet t’i sjellim n\u00eb mendje z\u00ebnkat e per\u00ebndeshave (ashtu-k\u00ebshtu \u00e7\u00ebshtje mitologjike). Ishin ngat\u00ebrruar vet\u00eb triada e bukuris\u00eb hyjnore, gjith\u00e7ka pati nisur nga ngat\u00ebrresa mes perendeshave Hera, Athina, Af\u00ebrdita.<\/p>\n

Mitologjia greke, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 per\u00ebndi p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn, kishte madje dhe per\u00ebndesh\u00eb p\u00ebr sherret, p\u00ebr ngat\u00ebrresat, mosmarrveshjet e p\u00ebr grindjet. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb Erisa (pra si per\u00ebndesh\u00eb e sherreve q\u00eb ishte) ua dha 3 per\u00ebndeshave nj\u00eb “moll\u00eb t\u00eb art\u00eb”, nj\u00eb moll\u00eb t\u00eb sherrit – si\u00e7 ia thuhet figurativisht. Vet\u00eb Zeus Kryezoti do i niste per\u00ebndeshat tek Parisi i Trojes p\u00ebr t\u00eb “gjykuar” (duhej pik\u00ebrisht tek Parisi, as Zeusi vet\u00eb dhe asnj\u00eb nga zotat s’ishin gjykues aq t\u00eb zot\u00ebt, duhej Parisi).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rregull, do gjykonte Parisi, sipas tij perendesha e Dashuris\u00eb dhe e Bukuris\u00eb, Af\u00ebrdita na ishte “m\u00eb e bukura”. Por vall\u00eb pse t’mos ia q\u00ebllonte Parisi! Si do lajthitej kush se per\u00ebndesha e Bukuris\u00eb na ishte m\u00eb bukuroshja! Si do lejonte Af\u00ebrdita vet\u00eb q\u00eb ndokush tjet\u00ebr t’na ishte m\u00eb e bukur sesa ajo vet\u00eb! Edhe per\u00ebndesh\u00eb e Bukuris\u00eb, edhe sh\u00ebmtaraqe – e pakuptimt\u00eb, alogjike dhe p\u00ebr vet\u00eb mitologjin\u00eb (detaj mbase i lidhur me “konceptet”).<\/p>\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb, si dhurat\u00eb p\u00ebr gjykimin e “drejt\u00eb” t\u00eb Parisit, per\u00ebndesha Af\u00ebrdita do ta b\u00ebnte Helen\u00ebn e Spartes, gruan m\u00eb t\u00eb bukur t\u00eb bot\u00ebs t\u00eb dashurohej n\u00eb Parisin. Pa\u00e7ka se e martuar, e sidomos dhe e palumtur, deshe-s’deshe s’ke si i shmangesh as vullnetit t\u00eb per\u00ebndesh\u00ebs s\u00eb Dashuris\u00eb. Ad\u00ebrdita dinte madje dhe t\u00eb “d\u00ebnonte” me dashuri – e p\u00ebrdorte vet\u00eb dashurin\u00eb si d\u00ebnim. B\u00ebhej shkaktare e vuajtjeve, e dhimbjeve, e intrigave, vrasjeve. Psh. n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Fidras\u00eb (ose Fedras\u00eb), Af\u00ebrdita e pati “realizuar” hakmarrjen e vet ndaj Hipolitit.<\/p>\n

Anise ky mit i lidhur me per\u00ebndesh\u00ebn s’\u00ebsht\u00eb ndonj\u00eb “pasqyrim” i lavdish\u00ebm i femr\u00ebs (i veseve joracionale, ego-istike fem\u00ebrore). Edhe per\u00ebndesh\u00eb, edhe merret me manipulime, me hakmarrje e me dredhira, hm! Hipoliti nuk e pati “zbatuar” d\u00ebshir\u00ebn e Af\u00ebrdit\u00ebs q\u00eb t\u00eb dashurohej n\u00eb t\u00eb (dmth. n\u00eb vet\u00eb per\u00ebndesh\u00ebn). Pa\u00e7ka se e bukur sa vet\u00eb Bukuria, pa\u00e7ka se vet\u00eb per\u00ebndesh\u00eb e Dashuris\u00eb, t\u00eb gjitha fijet e “dashuris\u00eb” i mbante n\u00eb dor\u00eb, gjith\u00eb shigjetat e Amorit i p\u00ebrkuleshin vullnetit t\u00eb saj. Ja q\u00eb ndonj\u00eb zem\u00ebr djaloshare ngelet kryene\u00e7e, nuk gjunj\u00ebzohet.<\/p>\n

Af\u00ebrdita do fyhej q\u00eb Hipoliti nuk ndjente p\u00ebr t\u00eb, por vazhdonte si ndjek\u00ebs i devotsh\u00ebm dhe virgj\u00ebror i Artemis\u00ebs. Si d\u00ebnim Af\u00ebrdita do e “b\u00ebnte” Fidran\u00eb t\u00eb dashurohej n\u00eb Hipolitin. Edhe Fidra ishte e martuar (nj\u00ebsoj si Helena… spartanja e bukur e Homerit). E cila pastaj, duke qen\u00eb e refuzuar dhe e fyer, do t’shpifte p\u00ebr Hipolitin, do i shkruante burrit t\u00eb vet Teseut se ky e kishte dhunuar madje. Dhe dmth. tutje “refuzimin” Hipoliti do ta paguante me jet\u00ebn e vet.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha shkaktare Af\u00ebrdita, mir\u00ebpo aq i b\u00ebnte, siduket arg\u00ebtohej me dhimbjet e me tragjedit\u00eb q\u00eb i shkaktonte, s’kishte probleme me “nd\u00ebrgjegjen”. Si\u00e7 besonin grek\u00ebt e lasht\u00eb (dmth. si\u00e7 e dinte dhe Homeri) hakmarrja sjell dhimbjen, vuajtjen e po ashtu dhe tragjedin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

***
\nP\u00ebr Homerin e mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb autorial s\u2019dihet gj\u00eb (se na ishte ndonj\u00eb bard i “verb\u00ebr” merret m\u00eb shum\u00eb si detaj ekzotik-mitologjik). Mir\u00ebpo thuhet se let\u00ebrsia greke zanafill\u00ebn e ka nga “let\u00ebrsia antike greke”, e cila “antik\u00eb” koin\u00e7idon me koh\u00ebn kur supozohet se pati jetuar Homeri, dmth. reth fillim-shekullit VIII pes. E qart\u00eb se “zanafill\u00eb” grekofilike aq e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. N\u00eb Iliad\u00ebn b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr ngjarje rreth 4-5 shekuj m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra se koha e Homerit. Gjithsesi, nuk anashkalohet fakti se aq “larg” n\u00eb koh\u00eb as shek. VIII, por as shek. XII, a XIII nuk jan\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Sipas Homerit, bota e vdekatar\u00ebve s’njihte fem\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb bukur se Helena, vet\u00ebm per\u00ebndeshat ia kalonin. Dmth. bot\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn fliste Homeri. N\u00eb nj\u00eb skaj tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb bot\u00ebs nd\u00ebrtoheshin piramida, kishte perandori babilonase, akadiane, mesopotamike, egjiptase… asgj\u00eb, Homeri s’kishte d\u00ebgjuar. N\u00ebse kujtohemi se piramidat m\u00eb t\u00eb hershme qen\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nga egjiptasit rreth shek. XXVII pes. Pra pothuaj 15 shekuj para Troj\u00ebs, dhe ose 20 shekuj p\u00ebrpara Homerit.<\/p>\n

Ky i “verb\u00ebr”, sidoqoft\u00eb duke i ndjekur konceptet mitologjike krijohet p\u00ebrshtypja sikur xha Homerit i p\u00eblqente “verb\u00ebria”, mjegulla e err\u00ebsira. Ja pse dhe Helena e tij na del di\u00e7 si “miss universe”, m\u00eb e bukura e bot\u00ebs. Sepse ishte bota q\u00eb Homerit i p\u00eblqente ta “njihte”.<\/p>\n

Sidoqoft\u00eb, per\u00ebndesha Af\u00ebrdita s’i pati h\u00ebng\u00ebr fjal\u00ebt e veta, Helena qe dashuruar, pik\u00ebrisht si\u00e7 pati premtuar. Qe dashuruar dhe Parisi, dhe gruan e huaj do ta merrte p\u00ebr vete, do ikte me t\u00eb n\u00eb Troj\u00eb (ashtu ia b\u00ebnte shpesh dhe vet\u00eb Zeusi, dmth. n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb dashuris\u00eb – sepse mbase thjesht koncepte, e qart\u00eb se i njihte Homeri “konceptet” mitologjike).<\/p>\n

Pastaj t\u00eb tjerat dihen, “epikaliz\u00ebm” i thurur, i lidhur, i varg\u00ebzuar. Thuase hyjnor\u00ebt zbaviteshin lart mbi ret\u00eb e Olimpit duke par\u00eb “filma Netflix” t\u00eb tok\u00ebsoreve. Sapo e tham\u00eb m\u00eb lart edhe vet\u00eb Af\u00ebrdita “zbavitej” me manipulimet e veta. Aty-k\u00ebtu zotat intervenonin secili p\u00ebr favorit\u00ebt e vet, sipas qejfit e p\u00eblqimit. Psh. Akili do ta vriste Hektorin, por kjo pati qen\u00eb e mundur me ndihm\u00ebn e per\u00ebndesh\u00ebs Athina. Fuqin\u00eb Akili e pati marr\u00eb nga “mrekullia” q\u00eb ia pati dh\u00ebn\u00eb ta pinte per\u00ebndesha Athina. Ngjash\u00ebm si\u00e7 ia b\u00ebnte dhe Asterix-i i Galis\u00eb, kur i duhej p\u00ebr t\u2019i grushtosur centurion\u00ebt romak\u00eb.<\/p>\n

S’\u00ebsht\u00eb nevoja p\u00ebr “Avengers” (t\u00eb Hollivudit modern) pasi analogjit\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb pashterrshme. T\u00eb gjith\u00ebve na jan\u00eb t\u00eb njohura pakashum\u00eb “aventurat” e trimave simpatik\u00eb t\u00eb Galis\u00eb. S’ishte tani as Homeri as Platoni, k\u00ebsaj radhe thjesht nj\u00eb seri vizatimore, thjesht epikografi “strip-ike” nga i famshmi Albert Uderzo. Ekzakt\u00ebsisht nj\u00ebsoj si\u00e7 jan\u00eb dhe “vizatimor\u00ebt” e Marvel si parafrym\u00ebzime t\u00eb industris\u00eb hollivudeske. Ekzakt\u00ebsisht nj\u00ebsoj si\u00e7 jan\u00eb dhe ato t\u00eb DC Comics, t\u00eb Disney… apo t\u00eb panum\u00ebr studiove vizatimore.<\/p>\n

Uderzo do i ndiqte aventurat e nj\u00eb katundi t\u00eb Galis\u00eb, do fliste p\u00ebr rezistenc\u00ebn e tyre kund\u00ebr pushtimit romak, p\u00ebr kacafytjet me centurion\u00ebt e me ushtar\u00ebt e Cesarit, dikur… n\u00eb vitet 50 pes. Dy kryeheronjt\u00eb e tij quheshin Asterix dhe Obelix (fare leht\u00eb mund t\u00eb quheshin dhe Akilix e Hektorix). Ushtria romake dhe as Cesari s\u2019do kishin shans. Me ndihm\u00ebn e nj\u00eb l\u00ebngu magjik Asterix-i i grushtoste me legjione t\u00eb t\u00ebra. Magjia ishte di\u00e7 si l\u00ebng sekret, p\u00ebrgatitur nga magjistari i fshatit, i cili quhej Panoramix (n\u00ebse s’gabohem).<\/p>\n

Jo vet\u00ebm kryetrimat Asterix dhe Obelix por kushdo q\u00eb ta pinte, l\u00ebngu do i jepte fuqi mbinjer\u00ebzore. Aspak m\u00eb ndryshe, nj\u00ebjt\u00eb… pik\u00ebrisht me l\u00ebngun magjik t\u00eb Athinas\u00eb edhe Akili do e vriste Hektorin. Tekfundit k\u00ebshtu pati rr\u00ebfyer xha Homeri, disa gj\u00ebra i sqaronte aq holl\u00ebsisht. P\u00ebr disa gj\u00ebra “legjendare”, p\u00ebr disa mite do shkruante mjaft detajisht, e p\u00ebr disa tjera gj\u00ebra (her\u00eb-her\u00eb ky\u00e7) thjesht s’ka patur d\u00ebshir\u00eb t’i “detajonte”.<\/p>\n

***
\nMarr\u00ebdh\u00ebnia mes Akilit dhe Patrokliut \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb paqart\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e rrahin mendjen gjith\u00eb shkollar\u00ebt. Ishin k\u00ebta dy luft\u00ebtar\u00eb miq apo dashnor\u00eb? V\u00ebllez\u00ebr (psh. nga n\u00ebnash t\u00eb ndryshme), kusherinj, shok\u00eb lufte, apo thjesht homoseksual\u00eb t\u00eb dashuruar? Gjuha e Homerit \u00ebsht\u00eb e paqart\u00eb, var\u00ebsisht nga shkollar\u00ebt q\u00eb jan\u00eb marr\u00eb me p\u00ebrkthimin, mir\u00ebpo terma t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm t\u00eb greqishtes mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthehen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb shumta, duke ndryshuar k\u00ebshtu (sipas p\u00eblqimit e shijes s\u00eb shkollar\u00ebve) kuptimin e sakt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Sigurisht q\u00eb s\u2019mund t\u00eb hidhet n\u00eb “gjyq” vet\u00eb Homeri, pse Homer i dashur na ke shkruar kaq paqart\u00eb. Thuase na ishte duke shkruar ndonj\u00eb lib\u00ebr t\u00eb shenjt\u00eb, ndonj\u00eb lib\u00ebr “omnipotent” i cili s\u2019ka asgj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar por lejon panum\u00ebr interpretimesh. Do ishte padrejt\u00ebsi e madhe ndaj Homerit. Nuk faj\u00ebsohet Homeri, natyrisht, por e qart\u00eb q\u00eb gjuha e “Iliades” mund t\u00eb interpretohet n\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00ebnyra, sipas “kuptimit” n\u00eb kok\u00ebn e secilit lexues.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr mua polemikat, debatet, studimet e kontradiktat e panum\u00ebr shkollar\u00ebve sot nuk jan\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm bind\u00ebse. Sipas meje, cilidokush si lexues do t\u2019mund t\u2019i shtronte pyetje t\u00eb thjeshta Homerit, t\u00eb “dialogonte” me logjik\u00ebn e gjuh\u00ebs iliadeske. Jo t\u00eb niset lexuesi nga “gjykimet”, por thjesht t\u2019i b\u00ebnte pyetje t\u00eb thjeshta Homerit.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rregull i dashur Homer, historia ka mjaft shembuj kur luftrat nisen p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nj\u00eb femre, e gjith\u00eb Greqia qe trazuar p\u00ebr ta mbrojtur nderin. Mir\u00ebpo kur nj\u00eb luft\u00ebtar i vet\u00ebm, kur vet\u00eb kryetrimi e braktis luft\u00ebn, vall\u00eb si nuk u gjet pastaj nj\u00eb Helena p\u00ebr ta “bindur” q\u00eb t\u2019i kthehej luft\u00ebs dhe mbrojtjes s\u00eb nderit, pse duhej nj\u00eb mashkull?<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse nj\u00eb fem\u00ebr e vetme do t\u2019ishte e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr ta bindur gjith\u00eb Greqin\u00eb t\u00eb nisej me “1001” anije p\u00ebrtej detit dhe ta shfaroste Trojen, vall\u00eb pse s\u2019u gjet nj\u00eb “Helena” tjet\u00ebr pastaj q\u00eb ta bindte nj\u00eb Akil t\u00eb vet\u00ebm?! N\u00ebse Akili s\u2019ishte “pederast” si\u00e7 insistonte Platoni dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb “kronist\u00eb”, pse duhej nj\u00eb mashkull i dashur Homer, pse nj\u00eb Patroklius? Pse Platoni do thoshte di\u00e7 ashtu, do ishte nonsens i madh p\u00ebr nj\u00eb Platon, do ishte paragjykimi m\u00eb i madh platonik.<\/p>\n

Homeri e kthen Akilin n\u00eb luft\u00eb me “ndihm\u00ebn” e Patrokliut, mir\u00ebpo refuzon t\u2019na e sqaroj\u00eb “af\u00ebrsin\u00eb”, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnien e sakt\u00eb mes tyre. Homeri refuzon q\u00eb t\u2019i p\u00ebrshkruante si “homoseksual\u00eb”, askund s\u2019e p\u00ebrmend nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb till\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Mbase Homeri s\u2019e kishte iden\u00eb q\u00eb sot do t\u2019kemi fusha mjaft interesante si vegla studimore, bie fjala semantiken gjuh\u00ebsore, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb gjith\u00eb n\u00ebndeg\u00ebt e saj, si psh. semantik\u00ebn formale (aspektet logjike t\u00eb kuptimit, t\u00eb tilla si dometh\u00ebnia, referenca, implikimi, forma logjike etj.), semantik\u00ebn leksikore (kuptimet e fjal\u00ebve, nd\u00ebrveprimin e nd\u00ebrlidhjen e tyre me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera), semantik\u00ebn konceptuale (struktur\u00ebn kognitive t\u00eb kuptim\u00ebsis\u00eb) etj. etj.<\/p>\n

***
\nN\u00eb komentin tim, lufta e Trojes dhe “homeriada” n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi (duke qen\u00eb tep\u00ebr e mb\u00ebshtjellur me mjegull\u00ebn mitologjike) ndoshta s\u2019mund t\u00eb “komentohen” ndryshe p\u00ebrve\u00e7 se me ironizime t\u00eb thjeshta, q\u00ebkur fjala dmth. \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr mitologji.
\nSipas Homerit, ra nj\u00eb fem\u00ebr e bukur dhe do t\u2019shembej e shfarosej nj\u00eb mbret\u00ebri e t\u00ebr\u00eb, n\u00eb rregull. Natyrisht, t\u00eb gjitha jan\u00eb t\u00eb mundura. Burrat e gjith\u00eb Greqis\u00eb do t\u2019udh\u00ebtonin drejt t\u00eb panjohur\u00ebs, aq larg p\u00ebr nj\u00eb fem\u00ebr dhe p\u00ebr nderin mbret\u00ebror. Homeri ia “mvesh” gjith\u00eb Greqis\u00eb “motivin” e nj\u00eb Helene t\u00eb vetme (apo mos vall\u00eb motivin “helenistik” – do pyeste lexuesi i thjesht\u00eb)! Mos vall\u00eb p\u00ebr Helenen bukuroshe gjith\u00e7ka ishte n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb “dashuris\u00eb”, Greqia do trazohej n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb krenaris\u00eb dhe t\u00eb “mbrojtjes” s\u00eb nderit, apo gjith\u00e7ka ishte vet\u00ebm si pretekst?<\/p>\n

S’ka ardhur “gjith\u00e7ka” vet\u00ebm nga Homeri, por gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb i dim\u00eb rreth epikave t\u00eb “Trojes” n\u00eb dukje, ndoshta m\u00eb s\u00eb bukuri na i pati rr\u00ebfyer ai. Lufta kishte nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb tashm\u00eb q\u00eb vazhdonte, pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb vitin e fundit Akili do t’fyhej keq nga kryekomandanti, Agamemnoni. Shkaku, Briseja e bukur, robina “e dashur” e luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Akilit, tani p\u00ebr inat Akili s\u2019donte t\u00eb luftonte. Si mund t\u00eb frym\u00ebzohesh p\u00ebr luft\u00eb (pas nj\u00eb dekade ve\u00e7 duke luftuar) n\u00ebse komandanti merret me t\u00eb tilla padrejt\u00ebsi. Mbase Akili s\u2019kishte aspak faj, si “koncept” arsyetohet plot\u00ebsisht hidh\u00ebrimi i tij. Tekefundit k\u00ebshtu na e paraqet Homeri.<\/p>\n

Do t\u2019refuzonin t\u00eb luftonin dhe burrat t\u00eb cil\u00ebve u printe Akili (mirmidon\u00ebt). Pra Akili qe “hidh\u00ebruar” fort me Agamemnonin (ky ishte di\u00e7 si “mareshal” p\u00ebr gjith\u00eb ushtrin\u00eb greke). Anise 10 vite luft\u00eb (ve\u00e7 ishin b\u00ebr\u00eb), sakrifica e mundime t\u00eb medha, tani Akilit i p\u00eblqente t\u00eb fishk\u00ebllente me syt\u00eb kah qielli. Tashm\u00eb v\u00ebrtitej posht\u00eb e lart plazhit kot, i p\u00eblqente t\u00eb merrej me hi\u00e7gj\u00eb, m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb piqte shtalba sesa t\u00eb merrte pjes\u00eb n\u00eb betejat! Nj\u00ebjt\u00eb dhe burrat pas tij, dmth. duke “protestuar” dhe mirmidon\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Meq\u00eb Akili s\u2019donte t\u00eb luftonte, at\u00ebher\u00eb sipas Homerit dikush duhej, pena e tij do ta zgjedhte Patrokliun. Ky pothuaj i pap\u00ebrgatitur, pas 10 vitesh q\u00eb lufta vazhdonte. Do t\u2019nisej nga Greqia e p\u00ebrtejdetit n\u00eb luft\u00eb, por thuase as pancir as helmet\u00eb me vete, do t\u2019i huazonte nga Akili. Ose i kishte, por ja q\u00eb ishin ndryshkur e vjet\u00ebruar nga mosp\u00ebrdorimi.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse pati luftuar me shpat\u00eb, me shtiz\u00eb a me topuz, se cila na ishte arma q\u00eb e zot\u00ebronte m\u00eb s\u00eb miri Patrokliu, k\u00ebt\u00eb detaj s\u2019e dim\u00eb. Meq\u00eb Akili e kishte vullnetin p\u00ebrtok\u00eb, s’i duheshin tutje helmetat. Patrokliu thuase q\u00ebronte patate n\u00eb kuzhin\u00ebn e armades greke, s’dinte gj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb asnj\u00ebra nga per\u00ebndeshat. Aq i “af\u00ebrt” me Akilin, e megjithat\u00eb ja q\u00eb per\u00ebndesha Athina s’do i ndihmonte me l\u00ebngun magjik!<\/p>\n

N\u00eb rregull, Hektori s’do ta njihte Patrokliun n\u00ebn armorin e Akilit. Patrokliu donte t\u00eb shtirej nj\u00eb Akil zem\u00ebrluan, thuase dhe pas 10 vitesh t\u00eb \u00e7elikosjes me luft\u00ebn kishte ngelur ende nj\u00eb djaloshar naiv, i nj\u00ebjti Patroklius kur qe nisur! Do zhvillohej nj\u00eb betej\u00eb, n\u00ebn udh\u00ebheqjen e Patrokliut beteja qe fituar nga grek\u00ebt. P\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq ai vet\u00eb megjithat\u00eb qe vrar\u00eb nga Hektori, anise ky i fundit do t\u2019pandehte se kishte vrar\u00eb Akilin.<\/p>\n

***
\n“Burimet e lashta nuk raportojn\u00eb, megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr at\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb shkollar\u00ebt modern\u00eb kan\u00eb pohuar: se Aleksandri i Madh dhe miku i tij i ngusht\u00eb Hefastioni ishin dashnor\u00eb. Akili dhe miku i tij po aq i ngusht\u00eb Patrokliu ishin modeli legjendar p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb miq\u00ebsi, por Homeri n\u00eb “Iliad\u00ebn” kurr\u00eb nuk pati sugjeruar q\u00eb k\u00ebta t\u00eb ken\u00eb patur marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie seksuale me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin. (Ky pohim ka ardhur nga autor\u00ebt e m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebm.) N\u00ebse Aleksandri dhe Hefastioni t\u00eb kishin marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie seksuale, do t\u2019ishte shkelje e shumic\u00ebs s\u00eb standardeve greke\u2026” \u2013 [ Th. R Martin \u2013 “Alexander the Great: the story of an ancient life”, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2012 ]<\/em><\/p>\n

Vall\u00eb p\u00ebr cilat “standarde greke” e ka fjal\u00ebn autori Martin? Kur dihet q\u00eb Aleksand\u00ebr-Madhi me Hefastionin e pat\u00ebn vizituar madje dhe varrin e Akilit, ndoshta p\u00ebr ta “p\u00ebrkujtuar” lavdin\u00eb e tij t\u00eb vajtimit si nj\u00eb i shkallmuar shpirt\u00ebrisht e mend\u00ebrisht mbi trupin e pajet\u00eb t\u00eb Patrokliut. Vall\u00eb Aleksandri nuk e dinte q\u00eb burrat e heronjt\u00eb aq t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj, gjysm\u00eb-hyjnor\u00eb si\u00e7 ishte Akili, nuk qajn\u00eb ashtu?!<\/p>\n

“Mund t\u00eb thuhet me siguri q\u00eb n\u00eb tekstin e Iliades nuk ka d\u00ebshmi se Akili dhe Patrokliu ishin dashnor\u00eb\u2026” \u2013 Robin Fox [ “The Tribal Imagination: Civilization and the Savage Mind”, Harvard Univ. Press, 2011 ]<\/em><\/p>\n

E sakt\u00eb, Homeri askund s\u2019e ka th\u00ebn\u00eb, sepse s\u2019donte ta thoshte. Mund t\u00eb shtrohet pyetja vall\u00eb pse s\u2019donte ta thoshte Homeri, pse donte ta fshehte nj\u00eb detaj p\u00ebr kryeheroin grek? Sikur q\u00eb mund t\u00eb pyesim pse pra donte ta thoshte Platoni, pse ky donte ta shpaloste? Platoni mir\u00eb e dinte nga ku vinin “vargjet” homerike, e njihte mir\u00eb frym\u00ebzimin homerik.<\/p>\n

U desh\u00ebn me shekuj t\u00eb “studimit intensiv t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs, fes\u00eb, let\u00ebrsis\u00eb, gjuh\u00ebs dhe artit t\u00eb lasht\u00eb grek, p\u00ebr ta kuptuar studiuesit se mend\u00ebsia e dikurshme greke funksiononte ndryshe nga mend\u00ebsia e sotme. Andaj nuk mund t\u00eb kuptohej sakt\u00eb, as t\u00eb imagjinohej sakt\u00eb, as t\u00eb interpretohej sakt\u00eb di\u00e7 e asaj kohe. Nj\u00eb nga shembujt e keqkuptuar t\u00eb asaj kohe \u00ebsht\u00eb pederastia” \u2013 mendon autori R. Stone.<\/p>\n

“N\u00eb Greqin\u00eb e at\u00ebhershme \u2013 vazhdon ai, pederastia ishte nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie mes nj\u00eb burri m\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr dhe nj\u00eb t\u00eb riu. Kjo marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie zakonisht zgjaste shum\u00eb vite, por nuk konsiderohej domosdoshm\u00ebrisht marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb “dashuruarish” n\u00eb kuptimin modern t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs. Burri m\u00eb i moshuar (i quajtur “erastes”, dashnor), do t\u2019merrte nj\u00eb djaloshar (t\u00eb quajtur “eromenos”, i dashur) dhe do t\u2019ia m\u00ebsonte k\u00ebtij djaloshi m\u00ebnyrat e luft\u00ebs, t\u00eb politik\u00ebs e edhe t\u00eb seksit. Anise k\u00ebta kishin marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie intime me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin, kjo konsiderohej m\u00eb tep\u00ebr si nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie edukative. Ata do t\u2019praktikonin gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb burrat duhej t\u2019m\u00ebsonin, e po ashtu do t\u2019i diskutonin m\u00ebnyrat e k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsive seksuale. Athinasit besonin se kjo lloj marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieje \u2013 t\u00eb m\u00ebsuarit e \u00e7do aspekti t\u00eb “vetes” nga nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr athinas, burr\u00eb i ditur e me p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb \u2013 do t\u2019krijonte, n\u00eb thelb, nj\u00eb “kall\u00ebp” burrash t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosur. Ishte di\u00e7 e ngjashme marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnia mes Akilit dhe Patrokliut? \u2013 pyet R. Stone, dhe p\u00ebrgjigjet: “\u00cbsht\u00eb e mundur. \u00cbsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht e mundur q\u00eb Akili filloi si m\u00ebsues i Patrokliut, e m\u00eb pas u b\u00eb i dashuri i tij.” \u2013 shkruan R. Stone.<\/p>\n

“Q\u00eb nga shek. V pes., natyra e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnies mes Akilit dhe Patrokliut, si\u00e7 qe paraqitur nga Homeri n\u00eb “Iliad\u00ebn”, ishte \u00e7\u00ebshtje polemikash n\u00eb mesin e studiuesve. Ishte marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnia mes Akilit dhe Patrokliut pederastike, apo ishte thjesht miq\u00ebsi, apo ndoshta shoq\u00ebri ushtarake? N\u00eb asnj\u00eb vend Homeri nuk e sqaron natyr\u00ebn e marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnies mes tyre. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj paqart\u00ebsie, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnia mes dy heronjve ka qen\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e polemikave jo vet\u00ebm nd\u00ebr autor\u00ebt e lasht\u00eb, por dhe nd\u00ebr studiuesit e sot\u00ebm. Kjo pasiguri solli polemika kontradiktore, por pik\u00ebpamja se ata ishin dashnor\u00eb ka mbizot\u00ebruar.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb tragjedin\u00eb “Mirmidon\u00ebt” Askilusi e paraqet Akilin si dashnor, duke folur me t\u00eb dashurin, Patrokliun e vdekur.
\nPlatoni nga ana e tij e v\u00eb n\u00eb goj\u00ebn e Fedrusit mendimin se Akili dhe Patrokliu ishin t\u00eb dashuruar, megjith\u00ebse Fedrusi (ose Platoni \u2013 sh\u00ebn. im, sg<\/em>), duke e kund\u00ebrshtuar q\u00ebllimisht Askilusin, specifikon se Akili, q\u00eb ishte m\u00eb i ri sesa Patrokliu, ishte i dashuri rinor (eromenos \u2013 sh\u00ebn. im, sg<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Askinisi, n\u00eb fjalimin e tij “Kund\u00ebr Timarkusit”, e paraqet marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnien mes Akilit dhe Patrokliut si nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie fisnike, t\u00eb ngroht\u00eb, n\u00eb kontrast me prostitucionin, p\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb ai e akuzon Timarkusin. N\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb tez\u00ebs s\u00eb tij, Askinisi bazohet n\u00eb shembullin Homerik, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb tekstit nj\u00eb kuptim pederastik t\u00eb miq\u00ebsis\u00eb midis dy heronjve, p\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00eb ai e citon gjer\u00ebsisht tekstin e Iliad\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Aluzionet e m\u00ebvonshme, Teokritusi, Martiali, Melagri dhe Lukiani pajtohen q\u00eb ta paraqesin marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnien mes dy heronjve si homoseksuale. Pjesa e vetme e prov\u00ebs p\u00ebr pik\u00ebpamjen e kund\u00ebrt \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo nga Ksenofoni, i cili e v\u00eb n\u00eb goj\u00ebn e Sokratit mendimin se miq\u00ebsia mes Akilit dhe Patrokliut nuk ishte erotike n\u00eb karakterin e vet.” \u2013 M S Morales & G L Mariscal \u2013 “The Relationship between Achilles and Patroclus According to Chariton of Aphrodisias” \u2013 The Classical Quarterly, 53(1), 2003<\/em><\/p>\n

***
\n[ Piktura: Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825) \u2013 Varrimi i Patrokliut<\/strong>, 1778 ]<\/p>\n

Varrimi i Patrokliut \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb piktur\u00eb me p\u00ebrmasa t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, piktura e paraqet nj\u00eb episod t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Troj\u00ebs, personazhet jan\u00eb t\u00eb panum\u00ebrta, dhe t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara gjithandej tabllos\u00eb. Skena m\u00eb ky\u00e7 pikturale shohim se \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb qend\u00ebr, me Akilin dhe Patrokliun e vrar\u00eb nga dora e kryetrimit trojan, Hektorit. Pak\u00ebz m\u00eb djathtas n\u00eb piktur\u00eb, e shohim Hektorin e vrar\u00eb pas karroc\u00ebs. Prapa Akilit ulur e shohim turr\u00ebn e druve, p\u00ebrgatitur p\u00ebr Patrokliun.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S. Guraziu – Ars Poetica, T 2018, Sht 2022 (…Homeri ia mvesh gjith\u00eb Greqis\u00eb “motivin” e nj\u00eb Helene t\u00eb vetme, apo mos vall\u00eb motivin “helenistik” – do pyeste lexuesi i thjesht\u00eb! N\u00ebse Akili ishte “pederast” (si\u00e7 pohonte Platoni dhe t\u00eb… Lexo →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-classic","category-ese"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1664","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1664"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1664\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1664"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1664"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1664"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}