{"id":19374,"date":"2025-11-11T11:37:15","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T10:37:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?p=19374"},"modified":"2026-04-08T03:08:54","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T02:08:54","slug":"immanuel-kant-critique-of-pure-reason","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?p=19374","title":{"rendered":"Immanuel Kant &#8211; Critique of Pure Reason, (1781-87)"},"content":{"rendered":"<table class=\"table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"100%\">\n<div id=\"attachment_19375\" style=\"width: 264px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a  href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/immanuel_kant_ai_portrait_01.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-gallery-0\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19375\" class=\"wp-image-19375 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/immanuel_kant_ai_portrait_01-254x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"254\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/immanuel_kant_ai_portrait_01-254x300.jpg 254w, https:\/\/letrat.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/immanuel_kant_ai_portrait_01.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 254px) 100vw, 254px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-19375\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n<p><strong>Immanuel Kant<\/strong> (1724-1804) &#8211; a German philosopher, born in K\u00f6nigsberg, he is considered one of the central thinkers of the Enlightenment. His comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him one of the most influential and highly discussed figures in modern Western philosophy. In his doctrine of transcendental idealism, Kant argued that space and time are mere &#8220;forms of intuition [German: <em>Anschauung<\/em>]&#8221; that structure all experience and that the objects of experience are mere &#8220;appearances&#8221;. The nature of things as they are in themselves is unknowable to us. Nonetheless, in an attempt to counter the philosophical doctrine of skepticism, he wrote the Critique of Pure Reason (1781-87), his best-known work. Kant drew a parallel to the Copernican Revolution in his proposal to think of the objects of experience as conforming to people&#8217;s spatial and temporal forms of intuition and the categories of their understanding so that they have a priori cognition of those objects.  [ <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Immanuel_Kant\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #999999\">wikipedia<\/span><\/a><\/em> ]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"100%\">Immanuel Kant &#8211; Critique of Pure Reason [ <a href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?page_id=19099&amp;logios_view=Kant+-+Critique+of+Pure+Reason+%285%29&amp;type=philosophy\">5<\/a> ] [ <a href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?page_id=19099&amp;logios_view=Kant+-+Critique+of+Pure+Reason+%284%29&amp;type=philosophy\">4<\/a> ] [ <a href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?page_id=19099&amp;logios_view=Kant+-+Critique+of+Pure+Reason+%283%29&amp;type=philosophy\">3<\/a> ] [ <a href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?page_id=19099&amp;logios_view=Kant+-+Critique+of+Pure+Reason+%282%29&amp;type=philosophy\">2<\/a> ] [ <a href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?page_id=19099&amp;logios_view=Kant+-+Critique+of+Pure+Reason&amp;type=philosophy\">1<\/a> ]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"50%\"><span class=\"logios-inline-term\"><strong>Kant - Critique of Pure Reason<\/strong><\/span> <span class=\"logios-inline-definition\"><p>[ <em>Immanuel Kant - Kritik der reinen Vernunft, 1781 - 856 pages (first German edition) - Subject: Metaphysics<\/em> ]<\/p> <p>The Critique of Pure Reason (de|Kritik der reinen Vernunft; 1781; second edition 1787) is a book by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, in which the author seeks to determine the limits and scope of metaphysics. Also referred to as Kant's \"First Critique\", it was followed by his Critique of Practical Reason (1788) and Critique of Judgment (1790). In the preface to<\/p><div class=\"logios-read-more-inline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?page_id=19099&#038;logios_view=Kant+-+Critique+of+Pure+Reason&#038;type=philosophy\">|\u2794|<\/a><\/div><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"logios-inline-term\"><strong>Kant - Critique of Pure Reason (2)<\/strong><\/span> <span class=\"logios-inline-definition\"><p>[ <em>Immanuel Kant - Kritik der reinen Vernunft, 1781 - 856 pages (first German edition) - Subject: Metaphysics<\/em> ]<\/p> <p>The Critique of Pure Reason is arranged around several basic distinctions. After the two Prefaces (the A edition Preface of 1781 and the B edition Preface of 1787) and the Introduction, the book is divided into the Doctrine of Elements and the Doctrine of Method.<\/p> <p><strong>Doctrine of Elements and of Method<\/strong><\/p> <p>The Doctrine of Elements sets out the a priori products<\/p><div class=\"logios-read-more-inline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?page_id=19099&#038;logios_view=Kant+-+Critique+of+Pure+Reason+%282%29&#038;type=philosophy\">|\u2794|<\/a><\/div><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"50%\"><span class=\"logios-inline-term\"><strong>Kant - Critique of Pure Reason (3)<\/strong><\/span> <span class=\"logios-inline-definition\"><p>[ <em>Immanuel Kant - Kritik der reinen Vernunft, 1781 - 856 pages (first German edition) - Subject: Metaphysics<\/em> ]<\/p> <p><strong>The Transcendental Deduction<\/strong><\/p> <p>In the Transcendental Deduction, Kant aims to show that the categories derived in the Metaphysical Deduction are conditions of all possible experience. He achieves this proof roughly by the following line of thought: all representations must have some common ground if they are to be the source of possible knowledge (because extracting knowledge from experience requires the ability<\/p><div class=\"logios-read-more-inline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?page_id=19099&#038;logios_view=Kant+-+Critique+of+Pure+Reason+%283%29&#038;type=philosophy\">|\u2794|<\/a><\/div><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"logios-inline-term\"><strong>Kant - Critique of Pure Reason (4)<\/strong><\/span> <span class=\"logios-inline-definition\"><p>[ <em>Immanuel Kant - Kritik der reinen Vernunft, 1781 - 856 pages (first German edition) - Subject: Metaphysics<\/em> ]<\/p> <p><strong>The Ideal of Pure Reason<\/strong><\/p> <p>Pure reason mistakenly goes beyond its relation to possible experience when it concludes that there is a Being who is the most real thing (ens realissimum) conceivable. This ens realissimum is the philosophical origin of the idea of God. This personified object is postulated by Reason as the subject of all predicates, the sum total of<\/p><div class=\"logios-read-more-inline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?page_id=19099&#038;logios_view=Kant+-+Critique+of+Pure+Reason+%284%29&#038;type=philosophy\">|\u2794|<\/a><\/div><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"50%\"><span class=\"logios-inline-term\"><strong>Kant - Critique of Pure Reason (5)<\/strong><\/span> <span class=\"logios-inline-definition\"><p>[ <em>Immanuel Kant - Kritik der reinen Vernunft, 1781 - 856 pages (first German edition) - Subject: Metaphysics<\/em> ]<\/p> <p><strong>The History of Pure Reason<\/strong><\/p> <p>Kant writes that metaphysics began with the study of the belief in God and the nature of a future world, beyond this immediate world as we know it, in our common sense. It was concluded early that good conduct would result in happiness in another world as arranged by God. The object of rational knowledge was<\/p><div class=\"logios-read-more-inline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?page_id=19099&#038;logios_view=Kant+-+Critique+of+Pure+Reason+%285%29&#038;type=philosophy\">|\u2794|<\/a><\/div><\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"100%\">Immanuel Kant &#8211; Biography [ <a href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?page_id=19099&amp;logios_view=Immanuel+Kant+%284%29&amp;type=philosophy\">4<\/a> ] [ <a href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?page_id=19099&amp;logios_view=Immanuel+Kant+%283%29&amp;type=philosophy\">3<\/a> ] [ <a href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?page_id=19099&amp;logios_view=Immanuel+Kant+%282%29&amp;type=philosophy\">2<\/a> ] [ <a href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?page_id=19099&amp;logios_view=Immanuel+Kant&amp;type=philosophy\">1<\/a> ]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"logios-inline-term\"><strong>Immanuel Kant<\/strong><\/span> <span class=\"logios-inline-definition\"><p>Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant, 1724-1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in K\u00f6nigsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him one of the most influential and controversial figures in modern Western philosophy. He has been called the \"father of modern ethics\", the \"father of modern aesthetics\", and for bringing together rationalism and empiricism, the \"father of modern philosophy\".<\/p> <p>In his doctrine of transcendental idealism, Kant argued<\/p><div class=\"logios-read-more-inline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?page_id=19099&#038;logios_view=Immanuel+Kant&#038;type=philosophy\">|\u2794|<\/a><\/div><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"50%\"><span class=\"logios-inline-term\"><strong>Immanuel Kant (2)<\/strong><\/span> <span class=\"logios-inline-definition\"><p>Like many of his contemporaries, Kant was greatly impressed with the scientific advances made by Newton and others. This new evidence of the power of human reason called into question for many the traditional authority of politics and religion. In particular, the modern mechanistic view of the world called into question the very possibility of morality; for, if there is no agency, there cannot be any responsibility.<\/p> <p>The aim of Kant's critical project is to secure human autonomy, the basis<\/p><div class=\"logios-read-more-inline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?page_id=19099&#038;logios_view=Immanuel+Kant+%282%29&#038;type=philosophy\">|\u2794|<\/a><\/div><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"logios-inline-term\"><strong>Immanuel Kant (3)<\/strong><\/span> <span class=\"logios-inline-definition\"><p><strong>Dialectical Inferences of Pure Reason<\/strong><\/p> <p>In the second of the two Books of \"The Transcendental Dialectic\", Kant undertakes to demonstrate the contradictory nature of unbounded reason. He does this by developing contradictions in each of the three metaphysical disciplines that he contends are in fact pseudosciences. This section of the Critique is long and Kant's arguments are extremely detailed. In this context, it not possible to do much more than enumerate the topics of discussion. The first chapter addresses what<\/p><div class=\"logios-read-more-inline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?page_id=19099&#038;logios_view=Immanuel+Kant+%283%29&#038;type=philosophy\">|\u2794|<\/a><\/div><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"50%\"><span class=\"logios-inline-term\"><strong>Immanuel Kant (4)<\/strong><\/span> <span class=\"logios-inline-definition\"><p><strong>Anthropology<\/strong><\/p> <p>Kant lectured on anthropology, the study of human nature, for twenty-three years. His Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View was published in 1798. Transcripts of Kant's lectures on anthropology were published for the first time in 1997 in German. Kant was among the first people of his time to introduce anthropology as an intellectual area of study, long before the field gained popularity, and his texts are considered to have advanced the field. His point of view was<\/p><div class=\"logios-read-more-inline\"><a href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?page_id=19099&#038;logios_view=Immanuel+Kant+%284%29&#038;type=philosophy\">|\u2794|<\/a><\/div><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) &#8211; a German philosopher, born in K\u00f6nigsberg, he is considered one of the central thinkers of the Enlightenment. His comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him one of the most influential&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?p=19374\" class=\"more-link\">Lexo <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-media-extracted"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19374","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=19374"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19374\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=19374"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=19374"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=19374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}