{"id":2845,"date":"2019-10-05T21:10:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-05T21:10:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.letrat.eu\/?p=2845"},"modified":"2024-04-16T20:19:13","modified_gmt":"2024-04-16T19:19:13","slug":"mullinjte-e-eres-si-krenari-e-si-trashegimi-mbarenjerezore","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?p=2845","title":{"rendered":"Mullinjt\u00eb e er\u00ebs, si “krenari e si trash\u00ebgimi” mbar\u00ebnjer\u00ebzore!"},"content":{"rendered":"

S. Guraziu – Ars Poetica, G 2019 (pak fjal\u00eb…)<\/em><\/p>\n

(thuhet se Deklarata e Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb ShBA, n\u00eb v. 1776 qe shkruar n\u00eb letr\u00ebn e prodhuar n\u00eb Holand\u00eb, dmth. dhe fal\u00eb mullinjve t\u00eb er\u00ebs… Kinderdijk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb monument i historis\u00eb s\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit<\/strong>…)<\/p>\n

Sipas Universitetit t\u00eb Groningen sot n\u00eb Holand\u00eb kan\u00eb ngelur gjithsej 991 mullinj t\u00eb er\u00ebs. Mullinjt\u00eb (ashtu si dhe “klompen” – nallanet e drunjta) jan\u00eb “emblemat” kryesore t\u00eb Holand\u00ebs. N\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn holandeze ka shum\u00eb shprehje rreth e rrotull mullinjve (th\u00ebniet e popullit, si\u00e7 i quajm\u00eb n\u00eb shqip, n\u00eb Holand\u00eb njihen si “uitdrukkingen”). Psh. kur thuhet “met molentjes lopen” (t\u00eb ec\u00ebsh me mullinjt\u00eb) p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb kuptimin “t\u00eb jesh pak\u00ebz i \u00e7mendur” (mua se p\u00ebrse kjo p\u00ebrher\u00eb ma kujton Don Kishotin \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

Mulliri m\u00eb i vjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb ai n\u00eb Zeddam (Provinca Gelderland). \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga kat\u00ebr mullinjt\u00eb e mbetur t\u00eb llojit t\u00eb vet, dhe i cili ende funksionon. Mulliri n\u00eb Zeddam \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mulli mesjetar, p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet n\u00eb v.1451, nj\u00ebri nga m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetrit nd\u00ebrtuar me tulla n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn Per\u00ebndimore.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Mesjet\u00eb, pron\u00ebsia e tok\u00ebs ishte e barabart\u00eb me fuqin\u00eb e pushtetit, pronari i tok\u00ebs ishte zot n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e vet. Mir\u00ebpo pronar\u00ebt s’i mbanin p\u00ebr vete vet\u00ebm t\u00eb drejtat e tok\u00ebs, n\u00eb fakt edhe ato t\u00eb ujit e t\u00eb er\u00ebs. Kjo n\u00ebnkuptonte q\u00eb vet\u00ebm atyre u lejohej t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtonin mullinj. Banor\u00ebt e rrethin\u00ebs ishin t\u00eb detyruar t’i \u00e7onin drithrat p\u00ebr bluarje atje. Prandaj t\u00eb till\u00eb mullinj njiheshin si “dwangmolens” (mullinj t\u00eb detyruar), i till\u00eb ishte dhe mulliri n\u00eb Zeddam.<\/p>\n

Q\u00eb nga fillimshekulli XVII e tutje, duke e arritur kulmin n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb shek. XIX, merret si “periudha e lul\u00ebzimit” t\u00eb mullinjve. At\u00ebbot\u00eb mullinjt\u00eb ishin t\u00eb shumt\u00eb gjithandej, n\u00eb Belgjik\u00eb, n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, Britani etj. Thuhet se vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Holand\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb kishte rreth 9000 mullinj. Tradicionalisht, nj\u00eb mulli p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr bluajen e drithrave, dihet kjo, por gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs gama e aplikimeve t\u00eb tyre do t’zgjerohej. Gradualisht, me avancimet teknologjike qen\u00eb shtuar lloj-lloj p\u00ebrdorime e aplikime industriale, t\u00eb tilla si pompimi i uj\u00ebrave, nxjerrja e vajit (dmth. shtypja, presimi), sharritja e lisave (d\u00ebrras\u00ebzimi, psh. p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e anijeve), b\u00ebrja e letr\u00ebs (thuhet se Deklarata e Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb ShBA, n\u00eb v. 1776 qe shkruar n\u00eb letr\u00ebn e prodhuar n\u00eb Holand\u00eb, dmth. dhe fal\u00eb mullinjve t\u00eb er\u00ebs).<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fakt, fal\u00eb k\u00ebtyre mullinjve industrial\u00eb, zona t\u00eb tilla si Zaanstreek e Amsterdam do t’rriteshin si qendrat e para industriale t\u00eb Holand\u00ebs. Natyrisht, me fillimin e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb makinave me avull dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrparimit t\u00eb revolucionit industrial, p\u00ebrdorimi i mullinjve t\u00eb er\u00ebs do t’pak\u00ebsohej duksh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Tani mullinjt\u00eb, kuptohet, jan\u00eb monumente historike q\u00eb mbrohen. Sidoqoft\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i tyre qen\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruar gjat\u00eb L. s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb jan\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruar nga vet\u00eb koha, nga mosmir\u00ebmbajtja e tyre e nga pakujdesia. Q\u00eb nga 1997, kompleksi prej 19 mullinjve n\u00eb Kinderdijk nga UNESCO \u00ebsht\u00eb shpallur “Trash\u00ebgimi Bot\u00ebrore”.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr gati nj\u00eb mij\u00ebvje\u00e7ar holandez\u00ebt jan\u00eb ballafaquar me ujin q\u00eb i rrethon. P\u00ebrdorimi i mullinj\u00ebve p\u00ebr pompimin e ujit dhe t\u00eb krijimit t\u00eb “polder-tokave” ishte element ky\u00e7 i luft\u00ebs shekullore me ujin. Sipas UNESCO, kontributi i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm i holandezve n\u00eb teknologjin\u00eb e trajtimit t\u00eb uj\u00ebrave n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb admirueshme d\u00ebshmohet nga instalimet n\u00eb zon\u00ebn Kinderdijk-Elshout. Nd\u00ebrtimi i punimeve hidraulike p\u00ebr kullimin e tok\u00ebs (p\u00ebr bujq\u00ebsi dhe p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e vendbanimeve) filloi q\u00eb n\u00eb Mesjet\u00eb dhe ka vazhduar deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme. Kinderdijk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj epitome e t\u00eb gjitha tipareve tipike q\u00eb lidhen me k\u00ebto avancime e teknologji – digat, rezervuar\u00ebt, stacionet e pompimit, nd\u00ebrtesat administrative dhe mullinjt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Sipas vet\u00eb holandezve, n\u00eb luft\u00ebn e vazhdueshme midis njeriut dhe fuqis\u00eb s\u00eb ujit, sistemi i mullinjve dhe i stacioneve t\u00eb pompimit e ka mbajtur tok\u00ebn t\u00eb thar\u00eb n\u00eb Kinderdijk p\u00ebr gati nj\u00ebmij\u00eb vjet. Andaj leht\u00eb e kuptueshme q\u00eb Kinderdijk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb monument i historis\u00eb s\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit. Historia e Kinderdijk \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb e historis\u00eb bot\u00ebrore, e ruajtur dhe konsevuar p\u00ebr brezat e ardhsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

[ ngjitur: disa foto, Kinderdijk (NL)<\/em>… ]<\/p>\n

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S. Guraziu – Ars Poetica, G 2019 (pak fjal\u00eb…) (thuhet se Deklarata e Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb ShBA, n\u00eb v. 1776 qe shkruar n\u00eb letr\u00ebn e prodhuar n\u00eb Holand\u00eb, dmth. dhe fal\u00eb mullinjve t\u00eb er\u00ebs… Kinderdijk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb monument i historis\u00eb s\u00eb… Lexo →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2845","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-komente","category-multimedia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2845","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2845"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2845\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2845"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2845"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2845"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}