{"id":7176,"date":"2021-04-01T09:40:53","date_gmt":"2021-04-01T08:40:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?p=7176"},"modified":"2024-04-09T09:09:19","modified_gmt":"2024-04-09T08:09:19","slug":"rajna-albaniana-dhe-limitaret-kufitaret-e-romes-romake","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/?p=7176","title":{"rendered":"Rajna, Albaniana, dhe “Limitar\u00ebt” (kufitar\u00ebt) e Rom\u00ebs (Romake)"},"content":{"rendered":"

S. Guraziu – Ars Poetica, Mars 2021<\/em><\/p>\n

Albaniana, nj\u00eb fortes\u00eb romake buz\u00eb lumit Rajna n\u00eb Holand\u00ebn e sotme (Alphen aan den Rijn – kuptohet asgj\u00eb s’ka t’b\u00ebj\u00eb me shqiptar\u00ebt), se si m\u00eb shtyri ta provoj kap\u00ebrthimin e imagjinat\u00ebs s\u00eb kufirit prej afro 7000 km t\u00eb Rom\u00ebs s\u00eb lasht\u00eb. Natyrisht, ne lexuesit e s\u00eb tashmes bot\u00ebn e kemi “n\u00eb p\u00ebll\u00ebmb\u00eb”, e rrotullojm\u00eb globin sipas qejfit. Me hartash moderne e me projeksione t\u00eb sakta, aq e leht\u00eb. E kemi madje dhe “p\u00ebrspektiven” e hartave satelitore.<\/p>\n

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Sikur q\u00eb e leht\u00eb, si shembull, t\u00eb kap\u00ebrthehet dhe \u00e7menduria bunkereske prej 5000 km, nd\u00ebrmarrja e ashtuquajtur “Atlantikwall” e Hitlerit. Sipas tij, n\u00ebse ushtar\u00ebt t\u00eb duhen p\u00ebr frontin e Lindjes, ke vendosur q\u00eb Stalinit t’ia b\u00ebsh jet\u00ebn pelim, ta l\u00ebsh me muaj e muaj pa gjum\u00eb, tekefundit t’ia jap\u00ebsh nj\u00eb leksion historiko-tragjik, mir\u00ebpo ti e di mir\u00eb se her\u00ebdokur D-Day \u00ebsht\u00eb e pashmangshme, ti e di se her\u00ebdokur “aleat\u00ebt” do sulmojn\u00eb andaj nga Britania (o nga Normandia), at\u00ebher\u00eb ushtar\u00ebt e frontit t\u00eb Per\u00ebndimit mund t’i z\u00ebvend\u00ebsosh me beton, me vigjilenc\u00eb e me bunker\u00eb, me gjemba \u00e7eliku e me barrierash.<\/p>\n

No problemos<\/em>, qoft\u00eb dhe front 5000 km i gjat\u00eb, duke filluar nga veriu i Norvegjis\u00eb e deri n\u00eb kufirin e Spanj\u00ebs. Kur ke bunker\u00eb e fortesa, nevojiten m\u00eb pak ushtar\u00eb. Imagjino marramendjen, s’ishte fjala p\u00ebr 50 km, as p\u00ebr 500, as p\u00ebr 1500… por p\u00ebr 5000, front i bunkerizuar dhe i \u00e7elikosur deri n\u00eb dh\u00ebmb\u00eb. Ajme, padyshim di\u00e7 si strategji a la “hitler\u00e7e”… jo e gjeneral\u00ebve as e strateg\u00ebve t\u00eb tij, por e Fyhrerit vet\u00eb pa u konsultuar me askend, thuase ai pati ngulur k\u00ebmb\u00eb, thuase ishte di\u00e7 si kok\u00ebfort\u00ebsi e tij – s’di njeriu ndryshe si ta kuptoj\u00eb : )<\/p>\n

Apo nj\u00ebsoj dhe “Muri i Madh” i dinastive kineze – sikur e tejkalon dhe vet\u00eb madh\u00ebshtin\u00eb, u desh\u00ebn shekuj e shekuj q\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohej (n\u00ebse s’gabohem rreth 17 shekuj), u desh mundi dhe sakrificat e sa e sa dinastive nj\u00ebra pas tjetr\u00ebs, do ishte “absurd” si nd\u00ebrmarrje madje dhe p\u00ebr Kin\u00ebn e sotme, seksionet dhe, apo pjes\u00ebt serike t\u00eb “murit” komplet i kap\u00ebrcejn\u00eb mbi 20.000 km.<\/p>\n

Mir\u00ebpo le t’jemi sadopak m\u00eb af\u00ebr hamend\u00ebsis\u00eb, p\u00ebr koh\u00ebn para 2000 viteve, nj\u00eb kufi i till\u00eb prej “mij\u00ebra km” i perandoris\u00eb romake padyshim do jet\u00eb dukur di\u00e7 si “marramendje”. Pa\u00e7ka se kartograf\u00ebt e asaj kohe shum\u00eb detaje kufitare mund t’i ken\u00eb vizatuar “drejtvizorisht”, s’dua t\u00eb insistoj se madje ashtu (si marramendje) duket akoma dhe sot e k\u00ebsaj dite.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb lasht\u00ebsi, lumi Rajna ishte nj\u00eb lum\u00eb kufitar p\u00ebr gati 4 shekuj, e kufizonte Perandorin\u00eb Romake me viset e paskajshme t\u00eb Germania, me zon\u00ebn e fiseve t\u00eb jon\u00ebnshtruara germanike. N\u00ebse t’paralelizohej me standardet e tashme, qofshin standarde evropiane a bot\u00ebrore, i bie se ishte nj\u00eb rekord absolut. P\u00ebr 4 shekuj kufiri p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb Rajn\u00ebs ishte ai faktori i “siguris\u00eb dhe i stabilitetit” – shprehen historian\u00ebt. Edhe si kufi, edhe si stabilitet por gjithashtu dhe si perandori, n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb kurr\u00eb s’ka zgjatur ndonj\u00eb di\u00e7 m\u00eb gjat\u00eb, qoft\u00eb si zon\u00eb kufitare a qoft\u00eb si ngrehin\u00eb politike. Madje kufiri romak (limes) i Rajn\u00ebs sot p\u00ebr sot \u00ebsht\u00eb monumenti m\u00eb i madh arkeologjik i Holand\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Kufirin e gjat\u00eb t\u00eb Rom\u00ebs s\u00eb lasht\u00eb historian\u00ebt e quajn\u00eb shkurt “limes” (nga latinishtja: limes = shteg, kufi, n\u00eb shum\u00ebs: limites). “Limes” \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7 si p\u00ebrcaktim i perandoris\u00eb s\u00eb at\u00ebhershme, si sistem q\u00eb sh\u00ebnon kufijt\u00eb e Perandoris\u00eb Romake. Edhe pse nga vet\u00eb romak\u00ebt termi “limes” nuk qe p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebllim, ata me “limes” thjesht i referoheshin mbrojtjes kufitare n\u00eb pjes\u00ebt e ndryshme t\u00eb perandoris\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr romak\u00ebt “limes” fillimisht ishte nj\u00eb shteg ose vij\u00eb q\u00eb sh\u00ebnonte kufirin mes parcelave t\u00eb tok\u00ebs a t\u00eb pronave. M\u00eb von\u00eb termi u referohej rrug\u00ebve p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb t\u00eb cilave trupat p\u00ebrparonin diku atje larg, n\u00eb territoret e “barbar\u00ebve”. Andaj termit do i shtohej kuptimi i nj\u00eb rruge ushtarake, rrug\u00eb si “rreze kufitare e si front pushtimi”. Pakashum\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha s\u00eb bashku, si kuptim i nj\u00ebsuar; edhe rrug\u00eb, edhe front lufte, edhe kufi i fortifikuar me kulla vrojtimi e me fortesash.<\/p>\n

Gjithsesi, n\u00eb rastet m\u00eb specifike, termi “limes” edhe nga historian\u00ebt bashk\u00ebkohor p\u00ebrdoret kryesisht p\u00ebr sistemin e mbrojtjes kufitare perandorake, psh. t\u00eb zon\u00ebs germanike p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb lumit Rajna n\u00eb Holand\u00ebn e sotme, ku dhe pati lindur si term.<\/p>\n

***
\nN\u00ebse ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb na duhet ta “kufizojm\u00eb” sadopak nj\u00eb ekzagjerim, kur nj\u00eb di\u00e7ka s’kemi si ta p\u00ebrcaktojm\u00eb aq sakt\u00eb, sikur m\u00eb e leht\u00eb ia themi “pa limit”. Ashtu shprehemi, apo jo! Vall\u00eb a nuk ia themi (si shembull sadopak metaforik) se fuqia e bombave atomike \u00ebsht\u00eb e “pakufizuar”. E dim\u00eb se mund t\u00eb matet… por ec e guxo merru me eksperimentet, fuqin\u00eb monstruoze thjesht e l\u00ebm\u00eb t\u00eb “pakufizuar”. Sikur m\u00eb me d\u00ebshir\u00eb i shmangemi sakt\u00ebsis\u00eb, s’na intereson ta dim\u00eb aq sakt\u00ebsisht : )<\/p>\n

E nj\u00ebjta nganj\u00ebher\u00eb sikur na b\u00ebhet dhe p\u00ebr kufijt\u00eb e Rom\u00ebs (perandorake). Ashtu-k\u00ebshtu kufijve t\u00eb lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb kurr\u00eb s’u dihej, saora “shtyheshin”, l\u00ebviznin tutje. N\u00eb Afrik\u00eb sidomos – gjat\u00eb nat\u00ebs qet\u00ebsi, por t\u00eb nes\u00ebrmen linja kufitare mund t’i kullufiste me dhjetra km tutje t\u00eb shkret\u00ebtir\u00ebs. Psh. di\u00e7 e till\u00eb mund t’thuhet p\u00ebr kufirin e “Afrik\u00ebs Romake” (Limes Africanus), pasi Severusi qoft\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsisht do ta zgjeronte rrezen e “Kufirit Tripolitanus”.<\/p>\n

Thuase gjeneral\u00ebve t\u00eb Rom\u00ebs ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb u tekej ta vizitonin nj\u00eb qytet diku larg, ashtu me gjith\u00eb ushtrin\u00eb. Niseshin me legjion e me centurion, ushtar\u00ebt s’kishin as “humwee*” as kamion por do t’marshonin me dhjetra kilometra larg kufirit. Atje mbase i vizitonin her\u00eb hanet e her\u00eb hamamet, her\u00eb hotelet e her\u00eb bordelet. Arg\u00ebtoheshin gjith\u00eb nat\u00ebn, s’kishin vajtur t\u00eb vrisnin as t\u00eb pushtonin, edhe pse askush s’u p\u00ebrzihej, tekefundit manevrimet e tyre dhe planet ishin sekrete ushtarake. N\u00eb m\u00ebngjes ktheheshin t\u00eb molisur e t\u00eb dalldisur, t\u00eb dehur e t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqur. Kllapia dhe \u00ebndrrat tutje t\u00eb mjaltosura…<\/p>\n

Ama p\u00ebr kartograf\u00ebt e perandoris\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht at\u00ebher\u00eb fillonte kok\u00ebdhimbja. Sepse t\u00eb ngrat\u00ebt duhej t’i p\u00ebrcaktonin kufijt, duhej t’i rregullonin rutat e kartat strategjike. Vall\u00eb si duhet definuar tashm\u00eb vizita e Gjeneral Severusit n\u00eb Garama, nat\u00ebn q\u00eb shkoi?! Si pushtim paq\u00ebsor… apo si vizit\u00eb jozyrtare, si nder p\u00ebr bukuroshen Kilipatra?! \u00c7far\u00eb n\u00ebse ishte vet\u00ebm gosti p\u00ebr gjeneralin, zem\u00ebrgjer\u00ebsi e saj, aheng p\u00ebr centurion\u00ebt e lodhur, p\u00ebr ushtar\u00ebt e m\u00ebrzitur? Duhet l\u00ebn\u00eb tashm\u00eb qytetin p\u00ebrjashta kufirit t\u00eb perandoris\u00eb, apo duhet futur brenda!<\/p>\n

M\u00eb b\u00ebhet sikur t\u00eb tilla kok\u00ebdhimbjesh i kishin kartograf\u00ebt e lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb. N\u00eb rastin e “Magna Germania” (me lumin Rajna), n\u00eb rastin e “Britania” (me Murin e Hadrianit) etj. etj. kuptohet gj\u00ebrat qen\u00eb fiksuar sadopak me “gozhdat” shekullore. Ama ashtu si p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsim, kufijt\u00eb e Rom\u00ebs pothuaj sikur s’ishin kufij. Vall\u00eb kush e njihte bot\u00ebn m\u00eb mir\u00eb se kartograf\u00ebt? Askush! N\u00eb fakt ata vet\u00eb ishin t\u00eb vetmit q\u00eb dinin t’i vizatonin.<\/p>\n

Nocioni “romak” kap\u00ebrthente gjith\u00e7ka t\u00eb bot\u00ebs q\u00eb ia vlente, t\u00eb bot\u00ebs s\u00eb qytet\u00ebruar, ishte pakashum\u00eb si dielli q\u00eb dhuron ngroht\u00ebsi pa dallim, gjithandej. Sidoqoft\u00eb, dhe vet\u00eb “e pakufishmja” her\u00ebt a m\u00eb von\u00eb duhet kufizuar disi. Meq\u00eb bot\u00eb rrotullake, meq\u00eb e rrotullueshme, e qart\u00eb se as dielli s’e ndri\u00e7on sfer\u00ebn nj\u00ebsoj. Andej p\u00ebrtej kufijve t\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimit vinte bota e joqytet\u00ebruar, andej jetonin barbar\u00ebt, barbarizmi shtrihej deri n\u00eb “ultima thule”.<\/p>\n

Pastaj kuptohet, mbaronte toka, p\u00ebrfundonte gjith\u00e7ka – fillonte gjith\u00ebsia. Romak\u00ebt, dmth. “qytetar\u00ebt” e Rom\u00ebs, padyshim e njihnin relativisht mir\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimin romak (andaj dhe ishin qytetar\u00eb!). Ose n\u00ebse jo bash t\u00eb gjith\u00eb e kishin iden\u00eb e paskajsis\u00eb, s\u00ebpaku ata e njihnin Rom\u00ebn, e njihnin kryeqendr\u00ebn. At\u00ebher\u00eb ngelet se kufijt e perandoris\u00eb, ashtu mir\u00eb e me detaje patjet\u00ebr i njihnin gjeneral\u00ebt, strateg\u00ebt e luft\u00ebs, senator\u00ebt e perandor\u00ebt. Q\u00ebkur hartat vizatoheshin enkas p\u00ebr ta, p\u00ebr askend tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

E m\u00ebtutjeshmja s’njihej mir\u00ebfilli, as nga gjeneral\u00ebt as nga kartograf\u00ebt. S’e kishte kush iden\u00eb, ama mund t’supozohej se \u00e7’kishte matan\u00eb. Se mos vet\u00ebm romak\u00ebt supozonin… ! Nj\u00ebsoj ia b\u00ebjm\u00eb akoma dhe sot e k\u00ebsaj dite. \u00cbsht\u00eb fakt q\u00eb ata m\u00eb t\u00eb cek\u00ebt, m\u00eb t\u00eb “limitizuar”, s’i g\u00ebzonin avancimet tona, mir\u00ebpo as tani s’dim\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka. Bie fjala, kurr\u00eb s’e kemi par\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e prapme t\u00eb H\u00ebn\u00ebs, kurr\u00eb s’ia kemi par\u00eb shpin\u00ebn. M\u00eb par\u00eb mund t’ia ket\u00eb par\u00eb Galilei dikur (meq\u00eb ai e pati avancuar teleskopin e vet), por ne kurr\u00eb. Asgj\u00eb, s’na b\u00ebhet von\u00eb, mund t’i supozojm\u00eb hijet, nuancat, konturat, err\u00ebsir\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

| – – – vijon<\/em> – – –<\/p>\n

* limit\u0101nei<\/strong> – kufitar\u00ebt romak\u00eb, “limitar\u00ebt”, ushtar\u00ebt e fortesave t\u00eb kufirit, t\u00eb stacionuar p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb kufirit (limes), e q\u00eb kishin dallim nga ushtria e rregullt, nga ta nuk parapritej t\u00eb arrinin suksese me pushtime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, me manevrime e betejash strategjike n\u00ebp\u00ebr zonat e thella, por t\u00eb rezistonin me rastin e sulmeve eventuale dhe ta ruanin kufirin e perandoris\u00eb…<\/span><\/p>\n

* humwee<\/strong> – thuhet n\u00eb t\u00eb folur p\u00ebr shkurtes\u00ebn HMMWV, makin\u00eb utilitare, e avancuar dhe e shtrenjt\u00eb… e ushtris\u00eb amerikane (me sistemin e armatimit dhe me tekno-detajet e integruara kushton mbi 200.000 $, HMMWV – High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle)<\/span><\/p>\n

***
\n[ pakashum\u00eb i gjith\u00eb kufiri verior i Perandoris\u00eb Romake<\/strong> ]<\/p>\n

…me detaje e me garnizone, me rrug\u00eb e me \u00e7do kull\u00eb, nga Atlantiku e deri n\u00eb Singidunum (Beograd) – ca harta gjermane ngjitur s\u00eb bashku, p\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, detajet k\u00ebshtu mbase s’shihen dhe aq qart\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 n\u00ebse t\u00eb k\u00ebputej, si\u00e7 kan\u00eb menduar dhe gjerman\u00ebt, p\u00ebrndryshe do na duheshin ca metrash l\u00ebndin\u00eb internetike p\u00ebr ta shtriqur hart\u00ebn mir\u00ebfilli : )
\n…kufiri (limes) nga Lugdunum (Katwijk) ku Rajna derdhet n\u00eb Atlantik, tutje p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb Albaniana (Alphen aan den Rijn) – Castra Herculis (Arnhem) – Bonna (Bon) – Castra Regina (Regensburg) – Vindobona (Vjen\u00eb) – Aquincum (Budapesht) e deri n\u00eb Singidunum (Beograd)…<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S. Guraziu – Ars Poetica, Mars 2021 Albaniana, nj\u00eb fortes\u00eb romake buz\u00eb lumit Rajna n\u00eb Holand\u00ebn e sotme (Alphen aan den Rijn – kuptohet asgj\u00eb s’ka t’b\u00ebj\u00eb me shqiptar\u00ebt), se si m\u00eb shtyri ta provoj kap\u00ebrthimin e imagjinat\u00ebs s\u00eb kufirit… Lexo →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7176","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-komente"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7176","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7176"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7176\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7176"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7176"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/letrat.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}